Uncoupling of sodium and chloride to assist breeding for salinity tolerance in crops

Genç, Yusuf; Oldach, Klaus; Taylor, Julian; Lyons, Graham

doi:10.1111/nph.13757

Cited by 58 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Salinity may cause osmotic stress, ionic toxicity through osmotic and biochemical processes and nutritional imbalances through reduced uptake of essential elements [14–16]. Considerable fundamental knowledge has been gained in plant biology under salt stressed conditions at cellular and tissues level [15, 17, 18]. However, to our knowledge, new salt tolerant varieties have yet to be adopted following the targeting of specific physiological processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising variation in wheat traits under hostile soil conditions in India

et al. 2017

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Intensive crop breeding has increased wheat yields and production in India. Wheat improvement in India typically involves selecting yield and component traits under non-hostile soil conditions at regional scales. The aim of this study is to quantify G*E interactions on yield and component traits to further explore site-specific trait selection for hostile soils. Field experiments were conducted at six sites (pH range 4.5–9.5) in 2013–14 and 2014–15, in three agro-climatic regions of India. At each site, yield and component traits were measured on 36 genotypes, representing elite varieties from a wide genetic background developed for different regions. Mean grain yields ranged from 1.0 to 5.5 t ha-1 at hostile and non-hostile sites, respectively. Site (E) had the largest effect on yield and component traits, however, interactions between genotype and site (G*E) affected most traits to a greater extent than genotype alone. Within each agro-climatic region, yield and component traits correlated positively between hostile and non-hostile sites. However, some genotypes performed better under hostile soils, with site-specific relationships between yield and component traits, which supports the value of ongoing site-specific selection activities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising variation in wheat traits under hostile soil conditions in India

et al. 2017

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“…Thus the ability of shoot Na + exclusion was previously reported to be particularly crucial for crop salt tolerance (Tester and Davenport, 2003; Läuchli et al, 2008). However, Genc et al (2015) suggested that Na + exclusion is unlikely to be the main mechanism for crop salt resistance because a genetically modified wheat plant equipped with Na + exclusion genes did not show higher yields under salinity. In the present study, varieties with higher biomass (Hindmarsh, Vlamingh, and Sahara) also maintained lower Na + levels in shoots after salinity stress compared with varieties that were more sensitive to salinity (Clipper, Flagship, and Mundah) ( Table 3 , Supplementary Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Profiling Method of Phytohormones and Other Metabolites Applied to Barley Roots Subjected to Salinity Stress

et al. 2017

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As integral parts of plant signaling networks, phytohormones are involved in the regulation of plant metabolism and growth under adverse environmental conditions, including salinity. Globally, salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stressors with an estimated 800 million hectares of arable land affected. Roots are the first plant organ to sense salinity in the soil, and are the initial site of sodium (Na+) exposure. However, the quantification of phytohormones in roots is challenging, as they are often present at extremely low levels compared to other plant tissues. To overcome this challenge, we developed a high-throughput LC-MS method to quantify ten endogenous phytohormones and their metabolites of diverse chemical classes in roots of barley. This method was validated in a salinity stress experiment with six barley varieties grown hydroponically with and without salinity. In addition to phytohormones, we quantified 52 polar primary metabolites, including some phytohormone precursors, using established GC-MS and LC-MS methods. Phytohormone and metabolite data were correlated with physiological measurements including biomass, plant size and chlorophyll content. Root and leaf elemental analysis was performed to determine Na+ exclusion and K+ retention ability in the studied barley varieties. We identified distinct phytohormone and metabolite signatures as a response to salinity stress in different barley varieties. Abscisic acid increased in the roots of all varieties under salinity stress, and elevated root salicylic acid levels were associated with an increase in leaf chlorophyll content. Furthermore, the landrace Sahara maintained better growth, had lower Na+ levels and maintained high levels of the salinity stress linked metabolite putrescine as well as the phytohormone metabolite cinnamic acid, which has been shown to increase putrescine concentrations in previous studies. This study highlights the importance of root phytohormones under salinity stress and the multi-variety analysis provides an important update to analytical methodology, and adds to the current knowledge of salinity stress responses in plants at the molecular level.

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“…The third aim of this study was to identify ion-specific effects by a comparative metabolite analysis; such effects are otherwise difficult to identify (Genc, Oldach, Taylor, & Lyons, 2016;Genc, Taylor, Rongala, & Oldach, 2014). We assume that if one metabolite increased in two salt treatments that shared the Na + ion (e.g., NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 ) but not in the third salt (i.e., KCl), then this effect is probably caused by Na + .…”

Section: Effects Of Single Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion‐dependent metabolic responses of Vicia faba L. to salt stress

Richter

Behr

Erban

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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Salt-affected farmlands are increasingly burdened by chlorides, carbonates, and sulfates of sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Intriguingly, the underlying physiological processes are studied almost always under NaCl stress. Two faba bean cultivars were subjected to low- and high-salt treatments of NaCl, Na SO , and KCl. Assimilation rate and leaf water vapor conductance were reduced to approximately 25-30% without biomass reduction after 7 days salt stress, but this did not cause severe carbon shortage. The equimolar treatments of Na , K , and Cl showed comparable accumulation patterns in leaves and roots, except for SO which did not accumulate. To gain a detailed understanding of the effects caused by the tested ion combinations, we performed nontargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling. Metabolic responses to various salts were in part highly linearly correlated, but only a few metabolite responses were common to all salts and in both cultivars. At high salt concentrations, only myo-inositol, allantoin, and glycerophosphoglycerol were highly significantly increased in roots under all tested conditions. We discovered several metabolic responses that were preferentially associated with the presence of Na , K , or Cl . For example, increases of leaf proline and decreases of leaf fumaric acid and malic acid were apparently associated with Cl accumulation.

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Uncoupling of sodium and chloride to assist breeding for salinity tolerance in crops

Cited by 58 publications

References 80 publications

Characterising variation in wheat traits under hostile soil conditions in India

Characterising variation in wheat traits under hostile soil conditions in India

A Quantitative Profiling Method of Phytohormones and Other Metabolites Applied to Barley Roots Subjected to Salinity Stress

Ion‐dependent metabolic responses of Vicia faba L. to salt stress

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