Umbilical cord venous pulsation in normal fetuses and its incidence after 13 weeks of gestation

Nakai, Yuichiro; Imanaka, Makoto; Nishio, Junko; Ogita, Sachio

doi:10.1016/0301-5629(94)00150-c

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the umbilical vein, the velocity waveform is pulsatile from E9.5 to E14.5 in the mouse (45). In the current study, we found that the umbilical vein retains a pulsatile component to term in mice, whereas a pulsatile component is absent in Ͼ90% of human fetuses after 23 wk of gestation (41). The pulsatile component in the umbilical vein is generally considered to be due to retrograde waves caused by cardiac contractions (31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Developmental changes in hemodynamics of uterine artery, utero- and umbilicoplacental, and vitelline circulations in mouse throughout gestation

Adamson²

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

109

104

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In human pregnancy, abnormal placental hemodynamics likely contribute to the etiology of early-onset preeclampsia and fetal intrauterine growth restriction. The mouse is increasingly being deployed to study normal and abnormal mammalian placental development, yet the placental hemodynamics in normal pregnancy in mice is currently unknown. We used ultrasound biomicroscopy to noninvasively image and record Doppler blood velocity waveforms from the maternal and embryonic placental circulations in mice throughout gestation. In the uterine artery, peak systolic velocity (PSV) increased significantly from 23 ± 2 (SE) to 59 ± 3 cm/s, and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) increased from 7 ± 1 to 28 ± 2 cm/s in nonpregnant versus full-term females so that the uterine arterial resistance index (RI) decreased from 0.70 ± 0.02 to 0.53 ± 0.02. Velocities in the maternal arterial canal in the placenta were low and nearly steady and increased from 0.9 ± 0.03 cm/s at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) to 2.4 ± 0.07 cm/s at E18.5. PSV in the umbilical artery increased steadily from 0.8 ± 0.1 cm/s at E8.5 to 15 ± 0.6 cm/s at E18.5, whereas PSV in the vitelline artery increased from 0.6 ± 0.1 cm/s at E8.5 to 4 ± 0.2 cm/s at E13.5 and then remained stable to term. In the umbilical artery, the EDV detection rate was 0% at ≤E14.5 and 94% at E18.5, and the RI decreased from 1 to 0.82 ± 0.01 during this interval. We conclude that ultrasound biomicroscopy can be used to monitor placental hemodynamics during pregnancy in mice. These results provide novel information concerning the development of the vitelline and placental circulations in mice and reveal strong similarities in placental hemodynamics between mice and humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Developmental changes in hemodynamics of uterine artery, utero- and umbilicoplacental, and vitelline circulations in mouse throughout gestation

Adamson²

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

109

104

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“…Our previous report was the first to describe transient umbilical venous pulsations in normal fetuses [4], al though these pulsations appeared only regionally [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Umbilical Venous Pulsation Associated with Hypercoiled Cord in Growth-Retarded Fetuses

Nakai

Imanaka²,

Nishio³

et al. 1997

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Venous pulsatile flows were detected by pulsed Doppler flow velocimetry throughout the entire umbilical cord in 2 cases of intrauterine growth retardation. Although the hearts of these fetuses had no anomalies and their inferior vena cava flows had normal flow velocity patterns, their cords were severely coiled. In these cases, the pulsatile flow in the umbilical cord vein was caused not by an increase in the preload of the fetal heart, but only by hypercoiling of the umbilical cord. This phenomenon also suggests that the coiled umbilical cord exerts a pump-like effect known as a ‘pulsometer’.

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“…We found visible pulsation in the umbilical vein at the abdominal inlet (umbilical ring) in 242/279 participants (87%, 95% CI 82-90), which was more common than in the cord (43/198, 22%, 95% CI [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and in the intra-abdominal section of the vein (84/277, 30%, 95% CI 25-36) (P < 0.001) (Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The low compliance is probably an important reason why umbilical venous pulsation is common in early pregnancy 16,17 when vessel dimensions are minute. Conversely, the high compliance of the sizeable intraabdominal umbilical vein in late pregnancy makes pulsation a rare event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, during normal late pregnancy, the umbilical vein receives a small proportion of the wave energy, which is usually not sufficient to cause visible velocity pulsation. However, the fact that pulsation occurs in normal pregnancies but varies with gestational age 16,17 and site of recording 18 indicates that determinants other than the magnitude of the emitted wave are in play, and have to be controlled in order to make the pulsation sign a meaningful clinical tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effect of vascular constriction on umbilical venous pulsation

Skulstad¹,

Kiserud²,

Rasmussen³

2003

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Objectives Results The incidence of umbilical venous pulsation was higher at the umbilical ring in the abdominal wall (242/279, 87%, than in the cord (43/198,22%,30%, (P < 0.001). When pulsation was observed intra-abdominally, the pulsatility was not different from that at the umbilical ring (P = 0.16). However, the lowest pulsatility was found in the cord vein (P < 0.0001), where the largest vein diameter was found. ConclusionThe high incidence of venous pulsation at the umbilical ring where diameter and compliance are low supports the suggestion that local compliance is an important factor influencing pulsation in fetal veins.

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Umbilical cord venous pulsation in normal fetuses and its incidence after 13 weeks of gestation

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Developmental changes in hemodynamics of uterine artery, utero- and umbilicoplacental, and vitelline circulations in mouse throughout gestation

Developmental changes in hemodynamics of uterine artery, utero- and umbilicoplacental, and vitelline circulations in mouse throughout gestation

Umbilical Venous Pulsation Associated with Hypercoiled Cord in Growth-Retarded Fetuses

The effect of vascular constriction on umbilical venous pulsation

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