Ultrawideband Antennas: Growth and Evolution

Abstract

Narrowband antennas fail to radiate short pulses of nano- or picosecond length over the broader band of frequencies. Therefore, Ultrawideband (UWB) technology has gained momentum over the past couple of years as it utilizes a wide range of frequencies, typically between 3.1–10.6 GHz. UWB antennas have been utilized for various applications such as ground-penetrating radars, disaster management through detection of unexploded mines, medical diagnostics, and commercial applications ranging from USB dongles to detection of cracks in highways and bridges. In the first section of the manuscript, UWB technology is detailed with its importance for future wireless communications systems. In the next section various types of UWB antennas and their design methodology are reviewed, and their important characteristics are highlighted. In section four the concept of a UWB notch antenna is presented. Here various methods to obtain the notch, such as slots, parasitic resonators, metamaterials, and filters are discussed in detail. In addition, various types of important notch antenna design with their technical specifications, advantages, and disadvantages are presented. Finally, the need of reconfigurable UWB notch antennas is discussed in the next section. Here various insight to the design of frequency reconfigurable notch antennas is discussed and presented. Overall, this article aims to showcase the beginnings of UWB technology, the reason for the emergence of notching in specific frequency bands, and ultimately the need for reconfiguring UWB antennas along with their usage.

A Frequency Reconfigurable Folded Antenna for Cognitive Radio Communication

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“…1 UWB technology is also widely used in wireless positioning. 2 Since UWB utilizes nanosecond or narrower pulses to transmit information, the relative bandwidth can exceed over 100% and the antenna design becomes a key issue. [3][4][5][6] Printed UWB antennas have received widespread attention due to their low profile and ease of integration.…”

A Triple Band C-Shape Monopole Antenna for Vehicle Communication Application

“…Recently, mobile telecommunication operators have introduced and utilized cellular V2X (C-V2X), which is characterized by high reliability, short latency, and high data processing capacity. Also, researches on WAVE communication systems based on IEEE 802.11p MAC class using 5.85-5.925 GHz frequency bandwidth that provides vehicle to vehicle (V2V), pedestrian to vehicle (P2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) in vehicle networking (IVN), and infrastructure to infrastructure (I2I) communication network functions are actively taking place in [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…Recently, mobile telecommunication operators have introduced and utilized cellular V2X (C-V2X), which is characterized by high reliability, short latency, and high data processing capacity. Also, researches on WAVE communication systems based on IEEE 802.11p MAC class using 5.85-5.925 GHz frequency bandwidth that provides vehicle to vehicle (V2V), pedestrian to vehicle (P2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) in vehicle networking (IVN), and infrastructure to infrastructure (I2I) communication network functions are actively taking place in [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].Modern automotive antennas are usually placed in a small space on car case. These automotive antenna modules like shark-fins contain antennas for GPS/GNSS navigation, DMB, digital audio broadcasting (DAB), emergency call (eCall), long-term evolution (LTE), Wi-Fi, WLAN, WiMAX, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas for cellular systems, diversity antennas for V2X and satellite digital audio radio (SDARS).…”