There is a minor error that a and b in the equations should be real numbers. Since one can always bring the state to the form ͑1͒ with real a and b via a local unitary operation. This error does not affect the result presented in the article. We thank Dr. Da-Wei Chang for bringing this to our attention.*

We have investigated the integer quantum Hall plateau-to-plateau transition in two-dimensional electrons confined to AlxGa(1-x)As-Al0.33Ga0.67As heterostructures over a broad range of Al concentration x. For x between 0.65% and 1.6%, where the dominant contribution to disorder is from the short-range alloy potential fluctuations, we observe a perfect power-law scaling in the temperature range from 30 mK to 1 K with a critical exponent kappa = 0.42 +/- 0.01.

Metal nanowire networks (MNNs) are promising as transparent electrode materials for a diverse range of optoelectronic devices and also work as active materials for electrical heating and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. However, the relatively low performance and poor durability of MNNs are limiting the practical application of the resulting devices. Here, we report a controllable approach to enhance the conductivity and the stability of MNNs with their transmittance remaining unchanged, in which reduced graphene oxide conformally wrapped silver nanowire networks (AgNW@rGO networks) are synthesized by selective electrodeposition of GO nanosheets on AgNWs followed by a pulsed laser irradiation treatment. Experimental characterizations and finite-difference time-domain simulations indicate that pulsed laser irradiation at a specific wavelength not only reduces the GO but also welds the AgNWs together through a surface plasmon resonance process. As a result, the AgNW@rGO networks exhibit low sheet resistance of 3.3 Ω/□, average transmittance of 91.1%, and good flexibility. Wrapping with rGO improves the maximum electrical heating temperature of the AgNW network transparent heaters due to the effective suppression of the oxidation and the migration of surface silver atoms. In addition, excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of up to 35.5 dB in the 8.2−12.4 GHz frequency range is obtained as a consequence of the combined effects of dual reflection, conduction loss, and multiple dielectric polarization relaxation processes.

Chronic nonhealing wounds have imposed serious challenges in the clinical practice, especially for the patients infected with multidrug-resistant microbes. Herein, we developed an ultrasmall copper sulfide (covellite) nanodots (CuS NDs) based dual functional nanosystem to cure multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected chronic nonhealing wound. The nanosystem could eradicate multidrug-resistant bacteria and expedite wound healing simultaneously owing to the photothermal effect and remote control of copper-ion release. The antibacterial results indicated that the combination treatment of photothermal CuS NDs with photothermal effect initiated a strong antibacterial effect for drug-resistant pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase Escherichia coli both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, the released Cu 2+ could promote fibroblast cell migration and endothelial cell angiogenesis, thus accelerating wound-healing effects. In MRSA-infected diabetic mice model, the nanosystem exhibited synergistic wound healing effect of infectious wounds in vivo and demonstrated negligible toxicity and nonspecific damage to major organs. The combination of ultrasmall CuS NDs with photothermal therapy displayed enhanced therapeutic efficacy for chronic nonhealing wound in multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, which may represent a promising class of antibacterial strategy for clinical translation.

The quantum Hall plateau transition was studied at temperatures down to 1 mK in a random alloy disordered high mobility two-dimensional electron gas. A perfect power-law scaling with κ=0.42 was observed from 1.2K down to 12mK. This perfect scaling terminates sharply at a saturation temperature of T s~1 0mK. The saturation is identified as a finite-size effect when the quantum phase coherence length (L φ ∝T −p/2 ) reaches the sample size (W) of millimeter scale. From a size dependent study, T s ∝W −1 was observed and p=2 was obtained. The exponent of the localization length, determined directly from the measured κ and p, is ν=2.38, and the dynamic critical exponent z = 1.

Teleportation may be taken as sending and extracting quantum information through quantum channels. In this report, it is shown that to get the maximal probability of exact teleportation through partially entangled quantum channels, the sender (Alice) need only to operate a measurement which satisfy an "entanglement matching" to this channel. An optimal strategy is also provided for the receiver (Bob) to extract the quantum information by adopting general evolutions. PACS Number(s) 03.67 * , 03.65.BzQuantum teleportation, the process that transmits an unknown qubit from a sender (Alice) to a receiver (Bob) via a quantum channel with the help of some classical information, is originally concerned by Bennett, Brassard, Crepeau, Jozsa, Peres, and Wootters (BBCJPW) [1]. In their scheme, such a quantum channel is represented by a maximally entangled pair (any of the Bell states) and the original state could be deterministically transmitted to Bob.The process of teleportation may be regarded as sending and extracting quantum information via the quantum channel. We will apply this picture to investigate a partially entangled quantum channel. Because a mixed state can be purified to a Bell state with no probability [2 − 4], a quantum channel of mixed state could never provide an teleportation with fidelity 1. Therefore only pure entangled pairs should be considered if we prefer an exact teleportation (even with some probability). For the reason of Schmidt disposition [5], a partially entangled pair may be expressed as(hereafter, we assume particle 2 is at Alice's site and particle 3 at Bob's site) Absolute value of the Schmidt coefficient |b| is an invariant under local operations, and it corresponds to the entanglement entropy E of the state [6]. Such a state can be concentrated to a Bell state [6,7] with the probability of 2b 2 and the concentrated pair may be used as a new quantum channel to carry out a teleportation. In this report, Alice performs a Von-Neumann measurement on her side while Bob performs a corresponding general evolution to reestablish the initial state with a certain probability. We will give a measure of the entanglement degree to Alice's measurement and show that the optimal probability of an exact teleportation is determined by the less one of the entanglement degrees of Alice's measurement and the quantum channel. Thus the matching of these entanglement degrees should be considered and the entanglement degree of the measurement is endowed a meaning of Alice's ability to send quantum information.First, we consider the case Alice operates a Bell measurement and give Bob's proper general evolution to reestablish the initial state with an optimal probability. Considering the previously shared pair shown in Eq. (1) and the unknown state (which is to be send) of particle 1 | φ 1 = α |0 1 + β |1 1 , the total state could be written as |Ψ 1,2,3 = |φ 1 |Φ 2,3 = αa |000 1,2,3 + αb |011 1,2,3 + βa |100 1,2,3 + βb |111 1,2,3 . If Alice operates a Bell measurement, Bob will get the corresponding unnomalized s...

The aim of our study was to evaluate if Sirt6, a NAD + dependent histone deacetylase, plays a protective role in cartilage degeneration by suppressing cellular senescence and inflammatory responses. The expression level of sirt6 in normal and OA human knee articular cartilage was compared by immunofluorescence and western blotting. The effect of sirt6 overexpression on replicative senescence of chondrocytes and NF-κB target genes expression was evaluated. Histological assessment of OA mice knee joint was carried out to assess the in vivo effects of sirt6 overexpression on mice chondrocytes. We found sirt6 level was significantly decreased in the articular chondrocytes of OA patients compare to normal human. SA-β-gal staining revealed that overexpression of sirt6 suppressed replicative senescence of chondrocytes. Meanwhile, the expression of NF-κB dependent genes were significantly attenuated by sirt6 overxpression. Safranin-O staining and OARSI score of knee joint cartilage in OA mice revealed that Lenti-Sirt6 intraarticular injection could protect mice chondrocytes from degeneration. These data strongly suggest that overexpression of Sirt6 can prevent OA development by reducing both the inflammatory response and chondrocytes senescence. Therefore, the development of specific activators of Sirt6 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of OA.

Chip based bio/chemical analysis relies on networks of fluidic channels that are connected to reaction chambers and sensors. For sensitive detection it is important to scale down the size of the channels so that they approach the relevant length scales of the molecules of interest. Here we have made sealed channels on the 100 nm scale using nanoimprinting to pattern the sacrificial polymer polynorbornene over areas of several square centimetres. We have combined channels of different cross sections and we have shown that the nanochannels can be made hydrophilic with DNA transported electrophoretically in these self-sealed channels.