Ultraviolet B Regulation of Transcription Factor Families: Roles of Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) in UVB-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis

Abstract

Prolonged and repeated exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light (UV) leads not only to aging of the skin but also increases the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Damage of cells induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) light both at the DNA level and molecular level initiates the activation of transcription factor pathways, which in turn regulate the expression of a number of genes termed the "UV response genes". Two such transcription factor families that are activated in this way are those of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) families. These two transcription factor families have been identified to be involved in the processes of cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival and therefore play important roles in tumorigenesis. The study of these two transcription factor pathways and the cross-talk between them in response to UVB exposure may help with the development of new chemopreventive strategies for the prevention of UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis.

Skin anti‐inflammatory activity of rose petal extract (Rosa gallica) through reduction of MAPK signaling pathway

“…We also found that N ‐acetyl cysteine (NAC, a ROS scavenger) drastically inhibited sUV‐induced matrix metalloprotein‐1 (MMP‐1) expression (data not shown) and siRNA of p47 phox , a subunit of NADPH oxidase (NOX); as a result, reduction of EGFR transactivation in NADPH oxidase was observed (Chen et al., 2006). ROS also mediates UV‐induced skin inflammation via activation of inflammatory signaling pathways (Choi et al., 2016; Cooper & Bowden, 2007). …”

Chemoprevention of Skin Cancer by Natural Compounds

“…It seems that curcumin and curcuminoids mediate their therapeutic effects by modulating NF-kB target genes. Resveratrol inhibited TPA stimulated activation of AP-1 in mouse skin in vivo and, applied topically, attenuated NF-kB activation by blocking IKK activity (Cooper & Bowden, 2007). Curcumin also, suppressed the TNF-dependent activation of IKK and as a result it inhibited the translocation of the p65 subunit.…”

Curcumin inhibits UVB‐induced matrix metalloproteinase‐1/3 expression by suppressing the MAPK‐p38/JNK pathways in human dermal fibroblasts

“…Ultraviolet irradiation of cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) in vitro or human skin in vivo induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MMPs (3). UVB irradiation can induce MMP expression by activating transcription factors such as NF-jB and AP-1 (4) through the MAPK signalling pathway (4).…”