Ultrastructural Study of the Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Rat Parotid Salivary Glands and the Protective Role of Quercetin

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:Nanotechnology is the technology of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases using nanoscale structured materials. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have useful effects for their less environmental hazards and for their application usages: tooth pastes, biomedicine and food as zinc supplements. On the other hand, ZnO NPs have toxic effect due to their tissue accumulation ability. Quercetin (Qc) is an antioxidant, categorized as a flavonol. Its beneficial effects are attributed to its phenolic hydroxyl groups. It has antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of ZnO NPs on rat parotid salivary glands and to investigate the possible protective role of Qc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four adult male albino rats were divided into three equal groups: group (I) control, group (II) received ZnO NPs 300 mg/kg and group (III) received ZnO NPs 300 mg/kg + Qc 200 mg/kg for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized and the parotid glands were dissected out. The effect of ZnO NPs on the parotid glands as well as the protective role of Qc were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: In group(II) the acinar cells showed signs of toxicity as apoptotic nuclei, degenerated mitochondria, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and vacuolization in the cytoplasm. Group (III) parotid glands exhibited remarkable improvement in the ultrastructure of their acinar cells and duct system. This appearance was near to that of control group. CONCLUSIONS:The study proved ZnO NPs toxicity and revealed that oral administration of Qc effectively prevented the toxicity associated with ZnO NPs administration in rat models. Thus, Qc might be used as a prophylactic treatment to prevent ZnO NPs toxicity.

Impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles on thioredoxin‐interacting protein and asymmetric dimethylarginine as biochemical indicators of cardiovascular disorders in gamma‐irradiated rats

“…Our results might refer to the accumulation of large amount of Zn in the heart tissue. This finding is supported by Hamza et al and Kermanshahi et al who exhibited that the absorption rate of ZnONPs at a dose of 300 mg/kg is high in the heart tissue of female mice. Besides, the result is in line with the prior studies in which the toxicity of ZnO‐NPs might result directly from the NPs themselves or from Zn +2 ions released either after cellular uptake or the intracellular dissolution leading to OS, mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiovascular damage .…”

“…Our results might refer to the accumulation of large amount of Zn in the heart tissue. This finding is supported by Hamza et al 61 and Kermanshahi et al 54 who exhibited that the absorption rate of ZnONPs at a dose of 300 mg/kg is high in the heart tissue of female mice.…”

Evaluation of the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles and the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid on the parotid glands of albino rats: Anin vivostudy

“…The vacuolization reflected cellular swelling that may be caused by failure of the energy-dependent Na + -K + ion pumps in the plasma membranes. Lipid peroxidation, accumulation of Na + intracellularly, and progressive osmolarity changes with a consequent entry of water into the cells could account for those observations (Hamza et al, 2016).…”

The Prospective Effect of Cinnamon and Chia on Submandibular Salivary Glands After Ciprofloxacin Administration in Albino Rats (Histological, Histochemical, and Ultrastructural Study)

“…These studies had shown complete inhibition of submandibular secretory function including the total proteins and calcium beside the declined salivary flow rate. These foregoing observations could be related to the previously mentioned damaging effect of oxidative stress produced by CPFX® on nuclei "that results in pleomorphism, chromatin condensation, and karyolysis in addition to the role played by oxidative stress in degeneration of RER, mitochondria, and Golgi complex that negatively affect protein synthesis pathway (Hamza et al, 2016). Mercury bromophenol stain of CIN group in our study showed mild staining for total proteins in acini but moderate to strong staining in GCT, modertae in SD and mild to moderate in ED.…”