Ultrastructural Changes of the Human Pancreas in Acute Shock

Hegewald, G; Nikulin, A; Gmaz-Nikulin, E; Plamenac, P; Bärenwald, G

doi:10.1016/s0344-0338(85)80203-x

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Histological examinations demonstrate early on morphological changes of the ER during the onset of AP. Gene-profiling studies show significant alterations in ER stress key regulators and in a model of necrotizing pancreatitis all ER stress sensors (PERK, IRE1, and ATF6) become activated, an initiation of downstream signal pathways occurs initiated from the ER (1,17,18,23,25,27). It has also been observed that stimulation of isolated pancreatic acini by different secretagogues can generate an ER stress response (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress, trypsin activation, and acinar cell apoptosis while increasing secretion in rat pancreatic acini

Malo¹,

Krüger

Seyhun

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes dilatation or vacuolation of the ER and loss of membrane-bound ribosomes (1,17,25,27). ER changes seem a common reaction of acini to the induction of ER stress (18,23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress, trypsin activation, and acinar cell apoptosis while increasing secretion in rat pancreatic acini

Malo¹,

Krüger

Seyhun

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…The examination of the vascular structure of rats in our study did not show any microthrombi or vascular pathology ( Figure 1C). However, there is evidence that ischemia may be an initiating factor of pancreatic microcirculatory injury in acute pancreatitis (31)(32)(33)(34). Tissue PAF and TNF-α levels were increased in rats with acute pancreatitis but not in rats with massive hemolysis but without acute pancreatitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental model of hemolysis-induced acute pancreatitis

Saruç

Yüceyar

Türkel

et al. 2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The literature indicates that acute pancreatitis is a complication of massive hemolysis with a prevalence of about 20%. We describe an experimental model of hemolysis-induced acute pancreatitis. Hemolytic anemia was induced in rats by a single ip injection of 60 mg/kg of 20 mg/ml acetylphenylhydrazine (APH) in 20% (v/v) ethanol on the first experimental day (day 0). One hundred and fifty Wistar albino rats weighing 180-200 g were divided into three groups of 50 animals each: groups 1, 2 and 3 were injected ip with APH, 20% ethanol, and physiological saline, respectively. Ten rats from each group were sacrificed on study days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Serum amylase, lipase levels and pancreatic tissue tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and plateletactivating factor (PAF) contents were determined and a histological examination of the pancreas was performed. No hemolysis or pancreatitis was observed in any of the rats in groups 2 and 3. In group 1, massive hemolysis was observed in 35 (70%) of 50 rats, moderate hemolysis in seven (14%), and no hemolysis in eight (16%). Thirtythree of 35 (94.2%) rats with massive hemolysis had hyperamylasemia, and 29 of these rats (82.8%) had histologically proven pancreatitis. The most severe pancreatitis occurred on day 3, as demonstrated by histology. Tissue TNF-α and PAF levels were statistically higher in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3. Acute massive hemolysis induced acute pancreatitis, as indicated by histology, in almost 80% of cases. Hemolysis may induce acute pancreatitis by triggering the release of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines.

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“…Several experimental studies have shown the particular susceptibility of the pancreas to hypoperfusion with a decrease of capillary blood flow, an increase of pancreatic proenzymes and enzyme-complexes in the general circulation and histo-pathological alterations of the pancreas [12-15, 17, 23]. Similar findings have been made for humans with severe trauma and hypovolaemic or septic shock [6,22,35,47,50]. Splanchnic hypoperfusion and systemic inflammatory reaction contribute to pancreatic damage, with leukocyte accumulation in the pancreatic capillaries and anoxia of highly active metabolic rate cells of the exocrine pancreas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Equine trypsin: purification and development of a radio-immunoassay

et al. 2003

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-Shock is accompanied by generalised splanchnic hypoperfusion, and splanchnic organs like the pancreas can be damaged, as shown in animal experimental models and in humans, by the presence of high plasma concentrations of trypsin and other pancreatic enzymes. In order to design a radioimmunoassay technique (RIA) for the measurement of equine trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) in biological fluids, trypsin was purified (with purity 96 %) from the equine pancreas by extraction in an acid medium, ammonium sulfate precipitations, gel filtration chromatography and, after activation of trypsinogen into trypsin, affinity chromatography. Gel polyacrylamide electrophoresis showed a monomeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 27 kDa. The purified equine trypsin served for the immunisation of rabbits in order to obtain a specific antiserum, and the labelled antigen was prepared by iodination of equine trypsin with 125 I. The RIA was based on the binding of the antigen to the antibody followed by the separation of the antigen-antibody complex by immunoprecipitation in the presence of sheep anti-rabbit gammaglobulins and the assay of the radioactivity in the precipitate. The RIA showed good sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy and reproducibility. The reference mean value of TLI in the plasma of healthy horses (n = 20) was 30.01 ± 6.84 ng/mL (upper confidence limit 50.52 ng/mL; p < 0.01). Three horses with non strangulating intestinal obstruction without shock showed TLI values within normal limits whereas 5 of 7 horses with strangulation obstruction showed TLI levels above the upper confidence limit. Further studies using the RIA and the enzymatic assay should be performed in order to confirm the role of the pancreas in equine intestinal obstruction. equine trypsin / purification / radio-immunoassay / reference range / intestinal obstruction ³

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Ultrastructural Changes of the Human Pancreas in Acute Shock

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress, trypsin activation, and acinar cell apoptosis while increasing secretion in rat pancreatic acini

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress, trypsin activation, and acinar cell apoptosis while increasing secretion in rat pancreatic acini

An experimental model of hemolysis-induced acute pancreatitis

Equine trypsin: purification and development of a radio-immunoassay

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