Ultrafast Dynamic Compression Technique to Study the Kinetics of Phase Transformations in Bismuth

Abstract

Preheated Bi (296-532 K) was ramp compressed with 15-35 ns rise times to a peak stress of approximately 11 GPa to explore structural phase-transformation kinetics under dynamic loading conditions. At high strain rates, epsilon[over ]>5 x 10;{6} s;{-1}, deviation from equilibrium phase boundaries suggests that compression time scales are comparable to the new phase incubation period. The dependence of DeltaP/kT on epsilon[over ] is consistent with a thermally activated transformation.

Orientation and rate dependence in high strain-rate compression of single-crystal silicon

“…14 Although the temperature rise in our experiments is estimated to be < 75 K at 15 GPa, 15 well within the brittle regime, inertial confinement associated with the uniaxial compression experiments reported here is expected to suppress the onset of brittle fracture, enhancing ductility. 16,17 In this paper, we use a recently developed laser-driven ramp-wave-loading (RWL) technique 18,19 to uniaxially compress single crystal Si samples to a peak longitudinal stress of 50…”

High pressure phase transformation in iron under fast compression

“…We analyze the experimental findings using classical nucleation and growth ideas applied to steady compression conditions, clarify the physical origin of the observed dynamic features, and in addition predict the behavior of iron under a wide range of loading conditions, including those achieved in laser-driven experiments. [14].…”

“…Well known concepts of phase nucleation and growth are being revisited and refined [1][2][3] due to their importance in geophysics, metallurgy, materials science [4][5][6][7] and many other fields, while new experimental techniques, particularly at high pressures, continue to open new vistas of research and exploration [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The study of phase transition kinetics under high pressures has a long history, with the earliest reported measurements being performed under static conditions by Bridgman [15].…”

Ramp wave loading experiments driven by heavy ion beams: A feasibility study

“…It was shown that the time scales of the loading are comparable with the fastest laser drives (Lorenz et al, 2004;Smith et al, 2007), and the amplitudes of pressure surpass those obtained using the highpower magnetic drives (Davis, 2006). These features allow to investigate the dynamical response of solids in the regime of previously unattainable parameters and possibly the dynamics of the pressure-induced structural phase transformations (Smith et al, 2008;Bastea et al, 2005;Dolan et al, 2007). Moreover, using the currently existing SIS-18 ring, ramp loading with pressures higher than 0.1 Mbar can be obtained in multi-layer targets (Dolan et al, 2007) for the purpose of studying the pressure induced phase transformations in water.…”

“…Unlike a shock wave experiment where a single point on a shock adiabat is obtained, in RWL experiments, a continuous set of data points is recorded and the solid state of a sample is ensured up to high pressures. The RWL method was also shown to be a more sensitive tool for studying the dynamics of the ultrafast structural phase transformations than the shock-wave based methods (Smith et al, 2008;Bastea et al, 2005;Dolan et al, 2007). RWL has been demonstrated with different drivers such as magnetic pulse loading using high-current pulsed power generators with typical loading times of 100 ns (Reisman et al, 2000;Hayes, 2001;Cauble et al, 2002;Hayes et al, 2004;Rothman et al, 2005;Davis, 2006), gas guns (Chhabildas & Barker, 1986) and high explosives (Barnes et al, 1974), with graded density impactors (1 ms) and highpower lasers (10 ms) (Lorenz et al, 2004(Lorenz et al, , 2005Swift & Johnson, 2005;Smith et al, 2007).…”