UHPLC–Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS Fingerprinting, Free Radical Scavenging, and Antimicrobial Activity of Tessaria absinthiodes (Hook. & Arn.) DC. (Asteraceae) Lyophilized Decoction from Argentina and Chile

Abstract

The decoction of Tessaria absinthioides is used in traditional medicine of South America as hypocholesterolemic, balsamic, and expectorant; but it is also useful for the prevention of hepatitis, renal insufficiency, and diabetes, and is used as digestive. A lyophilized decoction from the aerial parts of this plant (TLD) collected in San Juan (TLDSJ) and Mendoza (TLDM) provinces (Argentina) and one collection from Antofagasta, Chile (TLDCH) were characterized regarding antioxidant and antibacterial activities, phenolics and flavonoids content, and ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography Orbitrap MS analysis UHPLC–PDA–OT-MS/MS metabolite profiling. The antioxidant properties were carried out "in vitro" using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC) methods, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and lipoperoxidation in erythrocytes (LP). The antibacterial activity was evaluated following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) rules. TLDSJ, TLDM, and TLDCH displayed a strong DPPH scavenging activity (EC50 = 42, 41.6, and 43 µg/mL, respectively) and inhibition of lipoperoxidation in erythrocytes (86–88% at 250 µg TLD/mL), while a less effect in the FRAP and TEACantioxidant assays was found. Additionally, the decoctions showed a content of phenolics compounds of 94 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g, 185 GAE/g, and 64 GAE/g, for TLDSJ, TLDM, and TLDCH samples, respectively. Regarding the flavonoid content, the Chilean sample was highlighted with 19 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g. In this work, several phenolic compounds, including sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, were rapidly identified in TLDSJ, TLDM, and TLDCH extracts by means UHPLC–PDA–OT-MS/MS for the first time, which gave a first scientific support to consider this medicinal decoction from both countries as a valuable source of metabolites with antioxidant effects, some with outstanding potential to improve human health.

UHPLC-HESI-OT-MS-MS Biomolecules Profiling, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of the “Orange-Yellow Resin” from Zuccagnia punctata Cav.

“…The HESI II and Orbitrap spectrometer (Thermo, Bremen, Germany) parameters were optimized as previously reported [16,17]. Additionally, relevant experimental parameters have been reported recently in detail [18] The Q-Exactive 2.3 SP 2, Xcalibur 2.4 and Trace Finder 3.3 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) were used for UHPLC mass spectrometer control and data processing, respectively.…”

“…The total phenolics and flavonoid content of ZpRe was determined by employing total phenols assay by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and flavonoids by AlCl 3 assay, both in microplate [18]. The total phenolic was expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of extracts (mg GAE/g ZpRe).…”

“…The Capacity of ZpRe to 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Radical Scavenging (DPPH) was run by the following procedure: DPPH solution (20 mg/L) in methanol was mixed with ZpRe solution at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 µg/mL [18]. The reaction progress absorbance of the mixture was monitored at 515 nm using a Multiskan FC Microplate Photometer (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).…”

“…The FRAP assay was run in microplate, as previously reported methodology [18,20]. Briefly, FRAP reagent and a methanolic solution of ZpRe resin (1 mg/mL) were mixed; simultaneously, a calibration curve was prepared by mixing FRAP reagent and Trolox solutions, at concentrations between 0 and 1 mmol/L.…”

“…TEAC assay was run in microplate, as following the previously reported methodology [18,21]. Briefly, a ZpRe methanolic solution was mixed with 200 µL of ABTS, measuring their absorbance at 734 nm after 4 min.…”