UHPLC-HESI-OT-MS-MS Biomolecules Profiling, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of the “Orange-Yellow Resin” from Zuccagnia punctata Cav.

Abstract

This research was designed to investigate the metabolite profiling, phenolics, and flavonoids content as well as the potential antioxidant and antibacterial, properties of orange-yellow resin from Zuccagnia punctata Cav (ZpRe). Metabolite profiling was obtained by a ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS-MS). The antioxidant properties were screened by four methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), trolox equivalent antioxidant activity assay (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes (LP)). The antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) rules. The resin displayed a strong DPPH scavenging activity (IC 50 = 25.72 µg/mL) and showed a percentage of inhibition of LP close to that of the reference compound catechin (70% at 100 µg ZpRe/mL), while a moderated effect was observed in the FRAP and TEAC assays. The resin showed a content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of 391 mg GAE/g and 313 mg EQ/g respectively. Fifty phenolics compounds were identified by ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-PDA-OT-MS) analysis. Thirty-one compounds are reported for the first time, updating the knowledge on the chemical profile of this species. The importance of the biomolecules identified support traditional use of this endemic plant. Furthermore, additional pharmacological data is presented that increase the potential interest of this plant for industrial sustainable applications.

UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS Phenolics Profiling, Free Radical Scavenging, Antibacterial and Nematicidal Activities of “Yellow-Brown Resins” from Larrea spp.

“…Nitrogen (purity > 99.999%) obtained from a Genius NM32LA nitrogen generator (Peak Scientific, Billerica, MA, USA) was employed to produce MS fragmentation. Mass calibration for the Orbitrap spectrometer and HESI parameters were explained in detail and precisely in previous reports [ 5 , 24 ].…”

“…Solvent delivery was performed at 1 mL/min using ultrapure water supplemented with 1% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile with 1% acid formic (B) and a program starting with 5% B at zero time, then maintained 5% B for 5 min, then changing to 30% B within 10 min, then maintaining 30% B for 15 min, then going to 70% B for 5 min, then maintaining 70% B for 10 min, and finally returning to 5% B in 10 min and keeping this condition for twelve additional minutes to achieve column stabilization before the next injection of 20 µL [ 5 , 24 ].…”

“…The total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids was determined by means of the Folin–Ciocalteu and AlCl 3 tests respectively [ 5 , 24 ]. The evaluated concentrations of the resins were 1 mg/mL.…”

“…Their chemical profiles are characterized by phenolic compounds, terpenes, flavonoids, chalcones, lignans and fats, some of which display protective functions against natural predators and pathogens of these species [ 1 ]. Exudates and resins from some South American plants have been previously reported as sources of potential antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Argentina and Mexico are the main habitat of resinous plant species belonging to the genera Larrea (Zygophyllaceae).…”

“…The species of the genus Larrea in Argentina ( Larrea ameghinoi , L. cuneifolia , L. divaricata and L. nitida ), vernacular name “jarillas” are used extensively in traditional medicine in Argentina and in Andean communities for the treatment of injuries and bruises, and a good disinfectant of wounds, repellent of insects, for roof construction in rural areas and as a vegetable fuel for cooking food. These uses are also shared with the resinous species Zuccagnia punctata , commonly called “jarilla macho” [ 5 ]. Extracts and infusions of aerial parts of most species of this genus have displayed several biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and inhibitory agents of several enzymes, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and others [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”