Ueber Radium und radioactive Stoffe

Giesel, F.

doi:10.1002/cber.190203503187

Cited by 50 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A few years later, the chemical changes that water undergoes in aqueous solutions of radium salts were reported. In 1902, Giesel was the first to observe the release of dihydrogen and dioxygen from an aqueous solution of radium bromide [10,11]. Marie Curie compared this phenomenon to -an electrolysis without electrodes‖.…”

Section: Water Radiolysis: a Brief Historical Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This exciton reactivity at the surface is in competition with the subpicosecond exciton relaxation and the self-trapping processes. Different trapping sites are possible: silanols (labeled as ≡SiOH) (9) or physisorbed water molecules (10). It has been shown that silanol groups are much less efficient at producing H 2 than adsorbed water molecules [81].…”

Section: Ste Excitonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Radiolysis: Influence of Oxide Surfaces on H2 Production under Ionizing Radiation

Caër

2011

Water

467

293

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Abstract:The radiolysis of water due to ionizing radiation results in the production of electrons, H  atoms,  OH radicals, H 3 O + ions and molecules (dihydrogen H 2 and hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 ). A brief history of the development of the understanding of water radiolysis is presented, with a focus on the H 2 production. This H 2 production is strongly modified at oxide surfaces. Different parameters accounting for this behavior are presented.

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Section: Water Radiolysis: a Brief Historical Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ste Excitonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Radiolysis: Influence of Oxide Surfaces on H2 Production under Ionizing Radiation

Caër

2011

Water

467

293

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“…At present, water decomposition using radiolysis process is carried out by ionizing radiation, i.e. radiation from the decay of radioactive materials, accelerated charged particles (electrons, protons and ions) and X-rays [37][38][39][40] . The water putrefaction is governed around the radiations-track and directly proportional to the linear energy transfer (LET = −dE/dl) in the medium per unit path-length 38 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time synthesis and detection of plasmonic metal (Au, Ag) nanoparticles under monochromatic X-ray nano-tomography

Bharti

Chae

Goyal

2020

Sci Rep

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Plasmonic nanostructures are of immense interest of research due to its widespread applications in microelectronics, photonics, and biotechnology, because of its size and shape-dependent localized surface plasmon resonance response. The great efforts have been constructed by physicists, chemists, and material scientists to deliver optimized reaction protocol to tailor the size and shape of nanostructures. Real-time characterization emerges out as a versatile tool in perspective to the optimization of synthesis parameters. Moreover, in the past decades, radiation-induced reduction of metallic-salt to nanoparticles dominates over the conventional direct chemical reduction process which overcomes the production of secondary products and yields ultra-high quality and pure nanostructures. Here we show, the real-time/in-situ synthesis and detection of plasmonic (Au andAg) nanoparticles using single synchrotron monochromatic 6.7 keV X-rays based Nano-Tomography beamline. The real-time X-ray nano-tomography of plasmonic nanostructures has been first-time successfully achieved at such a low-energy that would be leading to the possibility of these experiments at laboratory-based sources. In-situ optical imaging confirms the radiolysis of water molecule resulting in the production of $$e_{aq}^-,\,OH^\bullet ,$$ e aq - , O H ∙ , and $$O_2^-$$ O 2 - under X-ray irradiation. The obtained particle-size and size-distribution by X-ray tomography are in good agreement to TEM results. The effect of different chemical environment media on the particle-size has also been studied. This work provides the protocol to precisely control the size of nanostructures and to synthesize the ultrahigh-purity grade monodisperse nanoparticles that would definitely enhance the phase-contrast in cancer bio-imaging and plasmonic photovoltaic application.

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“…In 1902 [22], when discussing the utility of his zinc sulphide screens for detecting alpha radiation he mentions his observation of the "Rutherford's Emanation" given of by some radium impurities. The emanating body occurred after separation of rare earths from pitchblende with oxalic acid in the next ammonium precipitation residue.…”

Section: Discovery Of Emanations and Induced Radioactivitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Emanations and “induced” radioactivity: From mystery to (mis)use

Kolář

1999

Czech J Phys

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Radon, Rn; atomic number Z = 85; is a (gaseous) chemical element of which no stable but only radioactive isotopes exist. Three of them, namely actinon (219Rn), thoron (22~ and radon (222Rn) are the decay products of naturally occurring radioisotopes of radium: 223Ra, 224Ra and 226Ra, respectively. The natural Rn isotopes were discovered within the period 1899-1902 and at that time referred to as emanations because they came out (emanated) of sources/materials containing actinium, thorium and radium, respectively. The (somewhat mysterious) emanations appeared to disintegrate into radioactive decay products which by depositing at solid surfaces gave rise to "induced" radioactivity i.e. radioactive substances with various half-lives. Following the discovery of the emanations the volume of the research involving them and their disintegration products grew steeply. The identity of a number of these radioactive products was soon established. Radium-emanation was soon used as a source of RaD (21~ to be applied as an "indicator" (radiotracer) for lead in a study on the solubility of lead sulphide and lead chromate. Moreover, radium and its emanation were introduced into the medical practice. Inhaling radon and drinking radon-containing water became an accepted medicinal use (or misuse?) of that gas. Shortly after the turn of the century, the healing (?) action of natural springs (spas) was attributed to their radium emanation i.e. radon. Bathing in radioactive spring water and drinking it became very popular. Even today, bathing in radon-containing water is still a common medical treatment in J~chymov, Czech Republic.

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Ueber Radium und radioactive Stoffe

Cited by 50 publications

References 3 publications

Water Radiolysis: Influence of Oxide Surfaces on H2 Production under Ionizing Radiation

Water Radiolysis: Influence of Oxide Surfaces on H2 Production under Ionizing Radiation

Real-time synthesis and detection of plasmonic metal (Au, Ag) nanoparticles under monochromatic X-ray nano-tomography

Emanations and “induced” radioactivity: From mystery to (mis)use

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