U5a1 Mitochondrial DNA Haplotype Identified in Eneolithic Skeleton
                    from Shatar Chuluu, Mongolia

Rogers, Leland; Honeychurch, William; Amartuvshin, Chunag; Kaestle, Frederika A.

doi:10.13110/humanbiology.91.4.01

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Pastoralism in Mongolia is often assumed to have been introduced by the eastward expansion of Western Steppe cultures (e.g., Afanasievo) via either the Upper Yenisei and Sayan mountain region to the northwest of Mongolia or through the Altai mountains in the west (Janz et al, 2017). Although the majority of Afanasievo burials reported to date are located in the Altai mountains and Upper Yenisei regions, the Early Bronze Age (EBA) site of Shatar Chuluu in the southern Khangai Mountains of central Mongolia has yielded Afanasievo-style graves with proteomic evidence of ruminant milk consumption (Wilkin et al, 2020a) and a western Eurasian mitochondrial haplogroup (Rogers et al, 2020). Analyzing two of these individuals (Afana-sievo_Mongolia, 3112-2917 cal.…”

Section: Pre-bronze Age Population Structure and The Arrival Of Pastomentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe

Jeong

Wang

Wilkin

et al. 2020

Cell

148

193

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Section: Pre-bronze Age Population Structure and The Arrival Of Pastomentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe

Jeong

Wang

Wilkin

et al. 2020

Cell

148

193

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“…The presence of a U5a1 mitochondrial haplotype in an Eneolithic grave, dated at ca. 3000 BCE and associated with the Afanasievo archaeological culture in the Khangai Mountains, attested the presence of people with “western” origin in the east of the Altai Mountains before the Bronze Age ( Rogers et al, 2020 ), in contrast to what was previously proposed ( Ricaut et al, 2004a ; Ricaut et al, 2004b ; Lalueza-Fox et al, 2004 ; Chikisheva et al, 2007 ; Keyser et al, 2009 ; González-Ruiz et al, 2012 ; Wang C. C. et al, 2021 ). To further investigate the impact and legacy of mitochondrial lineages with eastern and western origins on the gene pool of modern Mongolian populations, we analyzed the mtDNA profiles of 2,420 individuals with a last known terminal maternal ancestor (TMA) from one of the 20 different Mongolian provinces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In particular, macro-haplogroup R0 (mostly made of H mtDNAs, 36.1%) characterizes the outlier position of people living in the Bayan-Ölgii province, which encompasses the Altai Mountains. The Altai Mountains have initially been considered a genetic barrier to gene flows from the west until the recent discovery of ancient people with a WEu mtDNA living on the Mongol Steppe east of the Altai Mountains before the Bronze Age ( Rogers et al, 2020 ). Different EAs lineages distinguish the southern regions, while the northeastern provinces (Dornod, Khentii, Khövsgöl and Sükhbaatar) cluster together, separately from the others, and are characterized by a high number of different mitogenomes that arrived mostly from the surrounding eastern Asian countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial DNA Footprints from Western Eurasia in Modern Mongolia

et al. 2022

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Mongolia is located in a strategic position at the eastern edge of the Eurasian Steppe. Nomadic populations moved across this wide area for millennia before developing more sedentary communities, extended empires, and complex trading networks, which connected western Eurasia and eastern Asia until the late Medieval period. We provided a fine-grained portrait of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation observed in present-day Mongolians and capable of revealing gene flows and other demographic processes that took place in Inner Asia, as well as in western Eurasia. The analyses of a novel dataset (N = 2,420) of mtDNAs highlighted a clear matrilineal differentiation within the country due to a mixture of haplotypes with eastern Asian (EAs) and western Eurasian (WEu) origins, which were differentially lost and preserved. In a wider genetic context, the prevalent EAs contribution, larger in eastern and central Mongolian regions, revealed continuous connections with neighboring Asian populations until recent times, as attested by the geographically restricted haplotype-sharing likely facilitated by the Genghis Khan’s so-called Pax Mongolica. The genetic history beyond the WEu haplogroups, notably detectable on both sides of Mongolia, was more difficult to explain. For this reason, we moved to the analysis of entire mitogenomes (N = 147). Although it was not completely possible to identify specific lineages that evolved in situ, two major changes in the effective (female) population size were reconstructed. The more recent one, which began during the late Pleistocene glacial period and became steeper in the early Holocene, was probably the outcome of demographic events connected to western Eurasia. The Neolithic growth could be easily explained by the diffusion of dairy pastoralism, as already proposed, while the late glacial increase indicates, for the first time, a genetic connection with western Eurasian refuges, as supported by the unusual high frequency and internal sub-structure in Mongolia of haplogroup H1, a well-known post-glacial marker in Europe. Bronze Age events, without a significant demographic impact, might explain the age of some mtDNA haplogroups. Finally, a diachronic comparison with available ancient mtDNAs made it possible to link six mitochondrial lineages of present-day Mongolians to the timeframe and geographic path of the Silk Route.

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“…The earliest evidence of these western lineages in the region is with the arrival of people associated with the appearance of the Afanasievo archaeological culture (ca. 3100-2500 BCE), who introduced pastoralism and copper metallurgy to the region (Honeychurch, 2017;Rogers et al, 2019) haplotypes on the Mongol Steppe was substantial by at least the middle of the second millennium BCE. The frequencies of mtDNA haplogroups (hg) of these burial populations support the proposal that this intermixed east-west population represented in the slab burials were the primary contributors to the succeeding population of the Xiongnu period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earliest evidence of these western lineages in the region is with the arrival of people associated with the appearance of the Afanasievo archaeological culture (ca. 3100–2500 BCE), who introduced pastoralism and copper metallurgy to the region (Honeychurch, 2017; Rogers et al, 2019). The large western component in the mtDNA gene pool of the slab burial population and its affinities to contemporaneous west Eurasian steppe populations suggest that the number of people with western Eurasian mtDNA haplotypes on the Mongol Steppe was substantial by at least the middle of the second millennium BCE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of mitochondrialDNAhaplogroup frequencies in the population of the slab burial mortuary culture of Mongolia (ca. 1100–300 BCE)

Rogers

Kaestle

2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Recent research has shown evidence of ancient admixture from both eastern and western Eurasian genetics in the human populations of Mongolia going back to at least the Eneolithic Afanasievo archaeological culture (ca. 3000 BCE). Eastern mtDNA lineages found in ancient and living Mongolians in the past and present have greatest affinity with Neolithic populations from the Transbaikal region of southern Siberia, suggesting that people from this region were likely the first to colonize northern and eastern Mongolia after the last glacial maximum (ca. 24,500-17,000 BCE), while western Eurasian groups probably migrated to the steppe in association with the earliest forms of pastoralism. While some studies suggest the contribution of these ancient western lineages to the modern populations in Mongolia was minimal, this research demonstrates that western mtDNA lineages were particularly prominent among the burial populations of the Early Iron and Iron Ages in the region. This is most notable among the burial population associated with slab burials and the burial population of their successors, the people associated with the Xiongnu polity . Similarities between mtDNA haplogroup frequencies of the slab burial and Xiongnu burial populations also strongly support the proposal that the builders of the slab burials were the principal ancestors of the Xiongnu people. Objectives: The objective of this research is to increase understanding of human population change on the Mongolian steppe during the first millennium BCE and how it may be associated with cultural change and the creation of early eastern steppe empires. It examines the mtDNA haplogroup frequencies of the burial population from slab burials in Mongolia and compares it with frequencies from various other populations to determine population affinities. Methods: This study was primarily based on Sanger sequencing the HV1 of the mtDNA of ancient individuals from Mongolia during the Early Iron Age for haplogroup determination and then comparing mtDNA haplogroup frequencies with previously published data including 110 ancient and modern populations. The 21 samples used in this study were selected based on region, dating, and availability.

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U5a1 Mitochondrial DNA Haplotype Identified in Eneolithic Skeleton from Shatar Chuluu, Mongolia

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe

A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe

Mitochondrial DNA Footprints from Western Eurasia in Modern Mongolia

Analysis of mitochondrialDNAhaplogroup frequencies in the population of the slab burial mortuary culture of Mongolia (ca. 1100–300 BCE)

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