Typhoon Disturbance and Forest Dynamics: Lessons from a Northwest Pacific Subtropical Forest

Lin, Teng Chiu; Hamburg, Steven P.; Lin, Kuo-Chuan; Wang, Lih Jih; Chang, Chih-Hsiung; Hsia, Yue-Joe; Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A.; McMullen, Cathy Mabry; Liu, Chiung Pin

doi:10.1007/s10021-010-9399-1

Cited by 134 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Thus, our results support Connell's intermediate disturbance hypothesis (Connell 1978) that disturbance increases species diversity by setting back the process of competitive exclusion. Importance of typhoon or hurricane disturbances for early successional species recruitment through gap creation was reported for many forests (Bellingham et al 1996, Vandermeer et al 2000, Xi et al 2008, Busing et al 2009, Lin et al 2011). …”

Section: Effect Of Typhoons On Species Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of species diversity in a Japanese warm-temperate secondary forest

et al. 2011

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Dynamics of species diversity in a Japanese warm-temperate secondary forest. Ecosphere 2(7):art80. doi:10.1890/ ES11-00105.1Abstract. To examine the dynamics of species diversity during secondary succession, growth, death and recruitment of trees were monitored for 39 years (1966 to 2005) in two plots (P-1 and P-3, 40 m 3 40 m each) in a Japanese warm-temperate secondary forest recovering from clearcutting that occurred in the 1910s. Typhoons in the early 1990s seriously damaged P-1 and moderately damaged P-3. We examined how species diversity of trees changed through succession for three size classes: large (diameter at breast height, dbh ! 4.5 cm), medium (4.5 cm . dbh ! 1.0 cm), and small (dbh , 1.0 cm). Before the typhoons occurred, species diversity and evenness generally increased over time in all size classes in both plots, except for medium trees in P-1. After the typhoons, species diversity increased over time without exception, and this usually involved increases in both species evenness and number. We found that recruitment always contributed to increases in species diversity but mortality did not. Recruitment increased species diversity because the recruitment rate of rare species was higher than that of abundant species. This reflected delayed recruitment of late successional species before the typhoons and the mass recruitment of early successional species after the typhoons. Abundance of the most dominant tree species of the large class in P-1 was greatly reduced due to mortality caused by the typhoon, resulting in an increase in species diversity in the large tree community. Gap formation by the typhoons also caused mass recruitment into the small and medium size classes, including many rare species, leading to increased species diversity in the small and medium tree communities. Through these processes, the typhoons enhanced species diversity in this Japanese warm-temperate forest. Synthesis: This is the first study on the dynamics of species diversity based on long-term monitoring of a single site in a Japanese warm-temperate forest. This direct monitoring revealed the species dynamics plus the significant impact of rare events, typhoons, on the species diversity.

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Section: Effect Of Typhoons On Species Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of species diversity in a Japanese warm-temperate secondary forest

et al. 2011

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“…In a study of wind-induced failure of Sitka spruce, velocities > 30 m s −1 caused stem breakage in un-thinned 52 yr old stands (Moore and Quine, 2000). In a subtropical rainforest in northeastern Taiwan, typhoons with maximum wind velocities > 51 m s −1 accounted for 83 % of the inter-annual variation in litterfall and those with lower wind speeds accounted for none of the observed variability using a regression model (Lin et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, at wind-speeds below site and tree species specific thresholds, damages can be minimal (Lin et al, 2003;Ancelin et al, 2004). In a study of wind-induced failure of Sitka spruce, velocities > 30 m s −1 caused stem breakage in un-thinned 52 yr old stands (Moore and Quine, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that differences in site and cyclone characteristics affect the comparability of ecosystem responses among sites, it is difficult to assemble a large enough dataset capable of providing useful models of the impacts of typhoons/hurricanes on hydrochemical and physiological processes (Everham III and Brokaw, 1996;Hornbeck et al, 1997;Lin et al, 2003;Likens and Buso, 2006;Feller, 2010). Further compounding this challenge is the fact that, data from a single or even a couple of tropical cyclones at a single site may not capture the full range of ecosystem responses and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, even at that site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of tropical cyclones on hydrochemistry of a subtropical forest

Chang

Hamburg

Hwong

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Tropical cyclones (typhoons/hurricanes) have major impacts on the biogeochemistry of forest ecosystems, but the stochastic nature and the long intervals between storms means that there are limited data on their effects. We characterised the impacts of 14 typhoons over six years on hydrochemistry of a subtropical forest plantation in Taiwan, a region experiencing frequent typhoons. Typhoons contributed 1/3 of the annual rainfall on average, but ranged from 4 to 55 %. The stochastic nature of annual typhoon related precipitation poses a challenge with respect to managing the impacts of these extreme events. This challenge is exacerbated by the fact that typhoon-related rainfall is not significantly correlated with wind velocity, the current focus of weather forecasts. Thus, little advance warning is provided for the hydrological impacts of these storms.The typhoons we studied contributed approximately one third of the annual input and output of most nutrients (except nitrogen) during an average 9.5 day yr −1 period, resulting in nutrient input/output rates an order of magnitude greater than during non-typhoon months. Nitrate output balanced input during the non-typhoon period, but during the typhoon period an average of 10 kg ha −1 yr −1 nitrate was lost. Streamwater chemistry exhibited similarly high variability during typhoon and non-typhoon periods and returned to pretyphoon levels one to three weeks following each typhoon.The streamwater chemistry appears to be very resilient in response to typhoons, resulting in minimal loss of nutrients.

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“…TC frequency in the western Pacific greatly exceeds that in the Atlantic (Lin et al, 2011). For example, within all properties of the United States (U.S.) the Territory of Guam claims the greatest risk of being impacted by a TC (Marler, 2001 (Wu and Kuo, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacific island tropical cyclones are more frequent and globally relevant, yet less studied

Marler

2014

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Typhoon Haiyan devastated the Philippines in 2013 and illuminates the fact that the majority of tropical cyclone (TC) research has focused on the Atlantic Basin, continental socio-ecological systems, affluent regions where the resilience attributes of the human element differ from that of the of majority the world's population, and organized countries where research and relief capacities are among the best worldwide. I contend that this collective international bias minimizes the usefulness of global TC research in light of global change forecasts, which predict increased frequency of intense TCs. Moreover, paleoecological studies indicate ecosystem resilience following a TC is greatly increased within habitats that experienced a prior history of frequent TCs. When these retrospective and future visions are connected, science-based analysis of the influences of climate change on TC disturbance argues for an increase in contemporary research on TCs of developing island nations in the western Pacific where TCs are already relatively frequent. Otherwise the current research trajectory may further widen the disconnect between best available science and future management decisions.

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Typhoon Disturbance and Forest Dynamics: Lessons from a Northwest Pacific Subtropical Forest

Cited by 134 publications

References 90 publications

Dynamics of species diversity in a Japanese warm-temperate secondary forest

Dynamics of species diversity in a Japanese warm-temperate secondary forest

Impacts of tropical cyclones on hydrochemistry of a subtropical forest

Pacific island tropical cyclones are more frequent and globally relevant, yet less studied

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