Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Tuomi, Tiinamaija

doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.suppl_2.s40

Cited by 101 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Blood glucose levels are controlled by a complex interaction of multiple chemicals and hormones in the body, including insulin made in the beta cells of the pancreas. DM develops as a result of diminished production of insulin (in type 1 diabetes) or resistance to its effects (in type 2 diabetes (T2D)) [2][3][4][5]. Both lead to hyperglycemia, which largely causes the acute signs of diabetes: excessive urine production, resulting compensatory thirst and increased fluid intake, blurred vision, unexplained weight loss, lethargy, and changes in energy metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Metabolism-related Genes in Liver of Diabetic Obese Rats

Seo

Park

et al. 2010

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol

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The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, a model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes (T2D), develops hyperglycemic obesity with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance after the age of 25 weeks, similar to patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM). In the present study, we determined whether there are differences in the pattern of gene expression related to glucose and lipid metabolism between OLETF rats and their control counterparts, Long-Evans Tokushima (LETO) rats. The experiment was done using 35-week-old OLETF and LETO rats. At week 35 male OLETF rats showed overt T2D and increases in blood glucose, plasma insulin, plasma triglycerides (TG) and plasma total cholesterol (TC). Livers of diabetic OLETF and LETO rats also showed differences in expression of mRNA for glucose and lipid metabolism related genes. Among glucose metabolism related genes, GAPDH mRNA was significantly higher and FBPase and G6Pase mRNA were significantly lower in OLETF rats. For lipid metabolism related genes, HMGCR, SCD1 and HL mRNA were substantially higher in OLETF rats. These results indicate that gluconeogenesis in OLETF rats is lower and glycolysis is higher, which means that glucose metabolism might be compensated for by a lowering of the blood glucose level. However, lipid synthesis is increased in OLETF rats so diabetes may be aggravated. These differences between OLETF and LETO rats suggest mechanisms that could be targeted during the development of therapeutic agents for diabetes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Metabolism-related Genes in Liver of Diabetic Obese Rats

Seo

Park

et al. 2010

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol

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“…Today, it is well known that any type of acute illness or injury can result in insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hyperglycemia, a constellation termed "diabetes of injury" (Libman and Becker, 2003;Van den Bergue, 2004). The classification of diabetes has gone through several attempts to compile the many different disease entities included in the term diabetes under a single classification criterion (Alberti and Zimmet, 1998;Pozzilli and Di Mario, 2001;Anonymous, 2004;Tuomi, 2005;Pozzilli and Buzzetti, 2007;. Over the past decade, numerous reports have appeared describing adults and adolescent children, usually from minority groups, presenting ketoacidosis with absence of islet cell antibodies and with characteristics of type 2 diabetes, such as obesity, acanthosis nigricans and/or significant family history of diabetes (Pinhas-Hamiel et al, 1997;Pinhas-Hamiel and Zeitler, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype and phenotype correlations in diabetic patients in Uruguay

Mimbacas¹,

García²,

Zorrilla³

et al. 2009

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT.To differentiate among different types of diabetes is becoming an increasingly challenging task. We investigated whether the patient's genetic profile is useful to identify the particular type of diabetes, to determine the corresponding hyperglycemia pathogenesis and treat accordingly. Three hundred and thirty-eight diabetic patients, diagnosed according to American Diabetes Association criteria, were recruited from 2004 to 2008 in diabetes health reference centers. We analyzed the major gene for type 1 diabetes susceptibility (HLA DQ/DR). In order to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of the resulting hyperglycemia and to implement a more adequate treatment for the patients, we reclassified our sample ac- Genotype and phenotype correlations in diabetic patients cording to the presence or absence of the genetic markers. We found that a higher percentage of people than expected have immunological disease, independent of their phenotype, with a relative risk of 4.62 (95% confidence interval). This methodology allowed us to establish an association between the genotype and its resulting phenotype. We found significant differences; the phenotypic classification did not reflect immunological disease based on genotype. Moreover, when we examined markers, body mass index and age of onset, we found that many people have an intermediate phenotype between type 1 and type 2. This genetic data can help provide an accurate definition of the disease and would therefore provide the physician a better possibility of providing adequate treatment.

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“…In addition, an increased frequency of T2DM diabetes has been detected in families with T1DM diabetes, which could suggest a common genetic susceptibility. [48][49][50] Finally, Table 2 for AUC scores and 95% CIs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%