Two years retrospective study of maxillofacial trauma at a tertiary center in North West Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundMaxillofacial injury poses a challenge to oral and maxillofacial surgeons working in developing countries with limited resource and human power. The present study aimed to determine the etiology, pattern, and management of maxillofacial trauma in Gondar university of Gondar hospital.MethodsA retrospective descriptive study design was used. Medical registration retrieving of patients with maxillofacial trauma visited dental center of University of Gondar Hospital from September 2013 to August 2015 was done. During data collection, etiology of trauma, pattern of fracture, treatment modality and complications were recorded using predesigned data collection template and analyzed using SPSS computer software version 20. Statistical analysis was done to show the sex distribution of maxillofacial trauma and the effect of alcohol intake on the incidence of trauma.ResultsDuring 2-year period, September 2013–August 2015, 326 patients of maxillofacial trauma were treated in the dental center of university of Gondar hospital. The mean age was 29.12 (± 8.62) with age range of 11–75 years. Majority of the study participants (47.2%) were within the age group of 21–30 years. Eighty percent of the participants were male with a male to female ratio of 4.02:1. Interpersonal violence (75.8%) and Road traffic accident (21.5%) were the leading causes. Males are at high risk of maxillofacial trauma relative to females (P < 0.0001). There was high incidence of trauma in the weekend, rural residents, December to February, mandibular fractures and soft tissue injuries were the most common injuries. There was an associated injury in 79 (24.2%) patients in head and neck area, thoracic, abdominal and extremities. Half of the patients were managed conservatively (49.7%) with debridement and suture, while 45.7% of the patients were closed reduction and 4.6% were surgical open reduction. There were 25 post procedure complications especially in mandibular fractures.ConclusionInterpersonal violence was the major cause of maxillofacial trauma, while mandible and soft tissue were the most affected maxillofacial areas. The federal ministry of health, Ethiopia should have well-organized maxillofacial center in tertiary hospitals for emergency management to avoid morbidity and mortality.

Lesiones Oro-maxilofaciales en el Servicio Médico Legal de Curicó, Chile: Estudio descriptivo

“…Con respecto a la distribución por sexo, la mayoría de los estudios que analizaron lesiones oromaxilofaciales, reportan al género masculino como el más prevalente, tanto en el extranjero (Arabion et al, 2014;Bonavolontà et al, 2017;Morales-Olivera et al, 2017;Teshome et al, 2017), como en Chile (Yoma & Zúñiga, 2010;Horwood & Coloma, 2018), siendo coincidentes a los resultados obtenidos en este estudio (63,29 % sexo masculino versus 36,71 % sexo femenino). Lo cual puede deberse a que el sexo masculino esta principalmente involucrado en los agentes causales de producción de dichas lesiones, como lo son actos violentos, accidentes automovilísticos, entre otros (Horwood & Coloma).…”

“…Al analizar la distribución según edad, de acuerdo a diferentes investigaciones, aquellas con ocurrencia más frecuente de lesiones oro-maxilofaciales fue en individuos menores de 40 años (Venegas et al;González et al, 2015;Morales-Olivera et al;Teshome et al;Esses et al), lo cual es similar a los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio, en donde la edad en que estas lesiones son más recurrentes es entre los 20 a 40 años (43,03 %).…”

“…La violencia interpersonal (53,16 %), fue detectada como el agente causal más frecuente de lesio-nes, seguida por accidentes de transito (43,04 %), concordante con reportes de investigadores tanto nacionales (Yoma & Zúñiga; Venegas et al; Horwood & Coloma), como internacionales (Fuertes et al, 2010;Morales-Olivera et al, 2017;Teshome et al). Sin embargo otros estudios, si bien indican a ambos agentes como los más prevalentes, fueron los accidentes de tránsito, los que se presentaron en más oportunidades, seguido de violencia interpersonal (Arabion et al;González et al, 2015;Sbordone et al, 2018).…”

The Use of Herbert Cannulated Bone Screw in the Treatment of Mandibular Fractures (A Clinical and Radiographic Study)

“…There is an explicit accord among authors that main causes of maxillofacial fractures all over the world, especially in developing countries, are Road Traffic Accidents (RTA), assaults, falls, and sports-related injuries. (12,(14)(15)(16). That's owing to the irresponsible driving behaviour, poor road conditions and their lack of maintenance, and inadequate road safety regulations enforcement.…”

Pediatric Maxillofacial Trauma Management Experience at Tertiary Care Hospital- A Retrospective Study

“…3,4,5 Trauma involving the facial region is mainly notable due to observable placement of the face, its esthetic significance and psychological role harmfully influencing the leading uses like mastication, deglutition, speech and respiration. 4,6 The manner of maxillofacial trauma in pediatric patients fluctuates between the different countries depending upon their environmental, cultural and socioeconomic factors. 3,6 Road traffic accidents (RTA), fall, sports injuries and violence are the dominant causes of pediatric maxillofacial trauma.…”