Two-way coupling calculation for multiphase flow and decarburization during RH refining

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Two-Phase Flow in the Industrial Ruhrstahl–Heraeus Degasser: Effect of Bubble Expansion Models

“…So far, this equation has been widely adopted to calculate the initial bubble diameter in the simulations of the RH degasser by many researchers. [13,14,17,18,21,25,27,28] r g0 ¼ 0:0455 r l q l 0:5…”

“…Table I summarizes the typical computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based studies from the literature in the last two decades, including the quasi-single phase model, [10][11][12] mixture model, [13,14] coupling of discrete phase model (DPM) and volume of fluid (VOF), [15][16][17][18][19] and Eulerian model. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Based on these mathematical models, very promising results have been produced in terms of the gas plume structure, melt circulation rate, mixing time, and interfacial behavior, and the industrial practices have therefore been optimized.…”

“…Most of the previous studies represented the bubbles as having a single uniform size, and the bubble expansion due to the thermal effect and pressure drop were completely ignored. [12,15,16,19,20,22,23,25,27] According to Geng et al's [13,14,21] studies, thermal expansion was simply considered by assuming that the argon had the same temperature as the melt, whereas the influence of the pressure drop was ignored. In the Yi et al's [10] and Peixoto et al's [26] studies, the ideal gas law [26] or the Szekely-Martins model [10] was used to consider the argon expansion due to pressure drop, whereas the thermal effect was ignored.…”

“…[25] So far, the value of the virtual mass coefficient, C VM , has not yet been determined. For the RH degasser, most researchers [13,15,17,20,27,29] adopted a value of 0.5. Meanwhile, it was simply neglected by some others.…”

Interaction between CO–Ar–Molten Steel Flow and Decarburization Reaction in Rheinstahl–Heraeus

“…In our previous paper, the Euler-Euler model was applied to describe the CO-Ar-molten steel flow and the decarburization process, but it cost 16 CPU cores 2 weeks to finish one case. [32,33] Consequently, it is very difficult for us to consider other transfer process (such as collision-aggregation among inclusions). The aim of this article is to find a simplified two-way coupling model (T-WCM).…”