Two-step demineralization of shrimp (<i>Pandalus Borealis</i>) shells using citric acid: an environmentally friendly, safe and cost-effective alternative to the traditional approach

Pohling, Julia; Dave, Deepika; Liu, Yi; Murphy, Wade; Trenholm, Sheila

doi:10.1039/d1gc03140f

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Similar to the yield performance, l -malic, succinic, and salicylic acids overall had lower ash content than citric and l -ascorbic acids, a correlation clearly visible in Figure b. The ash contents of chitin obtained herein are a little higher than the most optimal value obtained using the traditional solution-based method (0.4%) but compare favorably with the values ranging from 0.6 to 5% from other studies using crustaceans and insects. ,− Importantly, the ash content varies as a function of the biomass feedstock, which can also explain variability as well. , We also verified that jar wear was not at the origin of ash generation, by running a blank milling of PG chitin for 30 min in the ZrO 2 apparatus used for this study. Very similar values of ash content were obtained for the milled (0.10 ± 0.02%) and pristine PG chitin samples (0.11 ± 0.02%).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…These excellent results, in both yield and ash content, could also mean the possibility of producing even higher-quality chitin with lower ash content during the industrial and large-scale implementation of the methodology proposed. The values of residual minerals obtained in our scale-up studies are within the ash content range of different works employing the traditional solution-based process (0.4–5%) but are still higher than the values of 0% obtained using the enzymatic approach. ,− , Further scale-up of the methodology proposed was performed using 200 g of GC shells and citric acid, in the blender. After 30 min of blending, deproteinization and demineralization of shells was achieved as seen by PXRD, TGA, and 13 C ssNMR analyses (Figures and S14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…The values of residual minerals obtained in our scale-up studies are within the ash content range of different works employing the traditional solution-based process (0.4− 5%) but are still higher than the values of 0% obtained using the enzymatic approach. 71,[76][77][78][79][80]84 Further scale-up of the methodology proposed was performed using 200 g of GC shells and citric acid, in the blender. After 30 min of blending, deproteinization and demineralization of shells was achieved as seen by PXRD, TGA, and 13 C ssNMR analyses (Figures 4 and S14).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraction of Chitin from Green Crab Shells by Mechanochemistry and Aging

Hajiali

Vidal

Jin

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Crustacean shell waste is one of the most important chitin sources for commercial use due to its low price and high availability. The extraction of chitin from this residue relies on two removal steps: one for proteins and another one for minerals. Herein, we report a "solvent-free", one-pot process relying on mechanochemistry and aging to convert crustacean shells into chitin with high yields and low ash content. The extraction was performed on European Green Crabs, one of the world's most damaging invasive species, thus converting a serious environmental threat into a biomaterial opportunity. Successful chitin isolation of Green Crabs was achieved by milling of solid acids (i.e., citric, ascorbic, malic, succinic, and salicylic acid) for 10 to 30 min, while a combination of milling and aging was necessary for aqueous acids (i.e., hydrochloric and acetic acid). Milling, aging times, and shell to acid ratios were optimized, while the process could be scaled to 200 g of shell starting materials. This method required limited chemical and energy inputs, which were quantified by sustainability metrics. The process reported is a more sustainable approach for chitin production over the current industrial methods and has the potential to be extended to other chitin sources (e.g., lobster, shrimp, and insects).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraction of Chitin from Green Crab Shells by Mechanochemistry and Aging

Hajiali

Vidal

Jin

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…6,44,45 Demineralization mostly involves HCl, but is also possible with weak organic acids such as lactic, formic, citric, and acetic. 46,47 Hence, the current process for manufacture of ChNWs consists of demineralization and deproteinization to obtain purified chitin, which is then used in the preparation of ChNWs. In this process, amorphous chitin domains are hydrolyzed with HCl and then dissolved in acidic media, while resistant to acid crystalline regions remain intact; 22 the process was first reported in 1959.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Chitin Nano-whiskers Directly from Crustacean Biomass Waste in a Single Step with Acidic Ionic Liquids

Shamshina

Abidi

2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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We report on a first method for in situ formation of individual chitin nanowhiskers (ChNWs) straight from crustacean biomass. The method that utilizes the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid ([C 4 mim][HSO 4 ]) allows liberating ChNWs with simultaneous removal of the protein−mineral matrix, without the need of prior isolation and purification of chitin polymer. The process reduces the amount of required chemicals and decreases the volume of process waste while avoiding the necessity of handling boiling acidic solution used in the traditional preparation of ChNWs. The resulting chitin nanowhiskers from biomass exhibit a high aspect ratio of 75 and a crystallinity index of 92%, are fully acetylated, and of high thermal stability with a decomposition temperature of 347.9 °C.

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“…Recently, there has been huge interest in the utilization of natural waste products and biopolymers, namely shrimp, seeds, soybean meal, etc. [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], to replace conventional products that cause pollution and damage to the environment by their production, use and waste. In this sense, chitin is an insoluble copolymer of N -acetylglucosamine, and glucosamine is an abundant natural biodegradable polymer on earth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partially Deacetylated and Fibrillated Shrimp Waste-Derived Chitin as Biopolymer Emulsifier for Green Cutting Fluids—Towards a Cleaner Production

et al. 2022

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Up to date, most metalworking fluids (MWFs) are emulsions made of petroleum-derived oil bases and sodium petroleum sulphonate emulsifiers. They are not readily biodegradable, and their waste is hazardous for users and the environment. Therefore, green MWFs are required for achieving cleaner production processes. Recently, various MWFs have been developed using vegetable oil bases to meet biodegradability to some extent. However, the emulsifier has been scarcely replaced by a green product. This research aims to produce and evaluate Pickering emulsions made of Jatropha oil (JO) and partially deacetylated and fibrillated chitin (PDFC) as emulsifiers at different concentrations. JO is a non-edible biodegradable oil with remarkable lubricity properties, while PDFC is produced by extracting chitin from waste heads and shells of the shrimp species Litopenaeus vannameii, followed by partial deacetylation and further fibrillation, which improves wettability and stabilization. The prepared emulsions were characterized in terms of creaming index and size of emulsion droplets and evaluated as MWFs in actual turning operations of AISI 1018 steel bars via minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique. The findings suggest PDFC as a potential eco-friendly emulsifier to form green MWFs with acceptable stability generating low cutting forces and significant workpiece finishing and chips quality.

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Two-step demineralization of shrimp (Pandalus Borealis) shells using citric acid: an environmentally friendly, safe and cost-effective alternative to the traditional approach

Abstract: Removal of minerals from crustacean shells during chitin extraction is traditionally achieved using hydrochloric acid. However, the environmental, health and safety concerns of hydrochloric acid have led to investigation of...

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Extraction of Chitin from Green Crab Shells by Mechanochemistry and Aging

Extraction of Chitin from Green Crab Shells by Mechanochemistry and Aging

Isolation of Chitin Nano-whiskers Directly from Crustacean Biomass Waste in a Single Step with Acidic Ionic Liquids

Partially Deacetylated and Fibrillated Shrimp Waste-Derived Chitin as Biopolymer Emulsifier for Green Cutting Fluids—Towards a Cleaner Production

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