Two silicone nontoxic fouling release coatings: Hydrosilation cured PDMS and CaCO<sub>3</sub>filled, ethoxysiloxane cured RTV11

Wynne, KJ; Swain, Geoffrey; Fox, RB; Bullock, Steven E.; Uilk, Janelle

doi:10.1080/08927010009378451

Cited by 70 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Silicone elastomers such as polydimethylsiloxane elastomer (PDMSE) have been the most successful of these coatings, which 'release' accumulated macrofouling under suitable hydrodynamic conditions (Kavanagh et al 2005;Wendt et al 2006). Attributes of a silicone foulingrelease coating are low-modulus, low-surface energy, and low-microroughness (Wynne et al 2000;Anderson et al 2003). However, they are prone to fouling by slimes dominated by diatoms, which are not released at the operating speeds of most vessels and grooming is frequently required to achieve the release of slimes (Tribou and Swain 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barnacle settlement and the adhesion of protein and diatom microfouling to xerogel films with varying surface energy and water wettability

et al. 2010

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Previous work has shown that organosilica-based xerogels have the potential to control biofouling. In this study, modifications of chemistry were investigated with respect to their resistance to marine slimes and to settlement of barnacle cyprids. Adhesion force measurements of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips to xerogel surfaces prepared from aminopropylsilyl-, fluorocarbonsilyl-, and hydrocarbonsilylcontaining precursors, indicated that adhesion was significantly less on the xerogel surfaces in comparison to a poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer (PDMSE) standard. The strength of adhesion of BSA on the xerogels was highest on surfaces with the highest and the lowest critical surface tensions, g C and surface energies, g S , and duplicated the 'Baier curve'. The attachment to and removal of cells of the diatom Navicula perminuta from a similar series of xerogel surfaces were examined. Initial attachment of cells was comparable on all of the xerogel surfaces, but the percentage removal of attached cells by hydrodynamic shear stress increased with g C and increased wettability as measured by the static water contact angle, y Ws , of the xerogel surfaces. The percentage removal of cells of Navicula was linearly correlated with both properties (R 2 ¼ 0.74 for percentage removal as a function of y Ws and R 2 ¼ 0.69 for percentage removal as a function of g C ). Several of the aminopropylsilyl-containing xerogels showed significantly greater removal of Navicula compared to a PDMSE standard. Cypris larvae of the barnacle B. amphitrite showed preferred settlement on hydrophilic/higher energy surfaces. Settlement was linearly correlated with y Ws (R 2 ¼ 0.84) and g C (R 2 ¼ 0.84). Hydrophilic xerogels should prove useful as coatings for boats in regions where fouling is dominated by microfouling (protein and diatom slimes).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barnacle settlement and the adhesion of protein and diatom microfouling to xerogel films with varying surface energy and water wettability

et al. 2010

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“…However, in a separate study Swain et al (1998) compared the fouling release properties of RTV11 with silica filled system (DC3140) and found that the calcium carbonate filled system outperformed the silica filled system. Wynne et al (2000) suggested that the better performance of the calcium carbonate filled coating relative to the silica coating could be attributed to a reduction in the surface modulus of the calcium carbonate filled coating resulting from depletion of the calcium carbonate at the surface upon water exposure. Wynne et al (2000) concluded that a systematic determination of structure property relationships was necessary to fully understand the foul release performance of the coatings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial settlement patterns on silicone coatings amended with oils of various compositions were dependent upon the hydrophilicity of the oil that was incorporated into a silicone matrix (Dalton et al, 2000). Wynne et al (2000) compared the fouling-release performance of a filled condensation-cured RTV (RTV11) with that of an unfilled hydrosilylation system. The attachment strength of barnacles (Balanus eburneus ) was lower on the unfilled hydrosilylation cured coating than the filled condensation cured system (RTV11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Property Relationships of Silicone Biofouling-Release Coatings: Effect of Silicone Network Architecture on Pseudobarnacle Attachment Strengths

et al. 2003

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Model silicone foul-release coatings with controlled molecular architecture were evaluated to determine the effect of compositional variables such as filler loading and crosslink density on pseudobarnacle attachment strength. Pseudobarnacle adhesion values correlated with filler loadings in both condensation and hydrosilylation-cured silicones. Variation of crosslink density of hydrosilylationcured silicones had an insignificant effect on attachment strength. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the mode of failure upon detachment of the pseudobarnacle was dependent upon the crosslink density; samples with high crosslink density failed cohesively within the silicone.

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“…9 Antifouling paints containing tin (e.g., tributyltin, TBT), copper, zinc, cadmium, and chromium have been restricted from use due to serious environmental problems posed at even subparts per billion concentrations. 6,[10][11][12] There is an urgent need to ascertain suitable non-or less toxic alternatives, such as foul-released coatings [13][14][15][16][17][18] or coatings containing nontoxic or less toxic compounds, such as natural product antifoulants (NPAs). 5,12,19,20 Zosteric acid, a natural compound present in zostera marina, or eelgrass, has been found to prevent the attachment of some bacteria, algae, barnacles, and tubeworms at nontoxic concentrations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Zosteric acid—An effective antifoulant for reducing fresh water bacterial attachment on coatings

Newby

Cutright

Barrios

et al. 2006

J Coat. Technol. Res.

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Zosteric acid, a natural product present in eelgrass, has been found to prevent the attachment of some bacteria and barnacles. The results indicate that it may also be effective at reducing the early stages of biofouling, such as the attachment of bacteria that lead to a biofilm. In this study, the ability of zosteric acid in reducing the early stages of fouling was evaluated using attachment studies of fresh water bacteria via two approaches. First, plain coatings were submersed in water containing zosteric acid and either enriched Lake Erie bacteria or Pseudomonas putida, a model fresh water bacteria. It was found that zosteric acid with a concentration one-tenth of its EC 50 (the concentration eliminates 50% of the bacteria) was able to reduce bacterial attachment by more than 90%. The second approach incorporated zosteric acid into silicone coatings in the presence of a common solvent to achieve the slow release of zosteric acid; such coatings were then subjected to the bacterial attachment. A ~75% reduction in bacterial attachment was found for 1 wt% zosteric acid entrapped Sylgard ® 184, a model silicone coating, but the reduction only achieved ~55% for 1 wt% zosteric acid entrapped in a commercial silicone coating, RTV11.

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Two silicone nontoxic fouling release coatings: Hydrosilation cured PDMS and CaCO₃filled, ethoxysiloxane cured RTV11

Cited by 70 publications

References 20 publications

Barnacle settlement and the adhesion of protein and diatom microfouling to xerogel films with varying surface energy and water wettability

Barnacle settlement and the adhesion of protein and diatom microfouling to xerogel films with varying surface energy and water wettability

Structure-Property Relationships of Silicone Biofouling-Release Coatings: Effect of Silicone Network Architecture on Pseudobarnacle Attachment Strengths

Zosteric acid—An effective antifoulant for reducing fresh water bacterial attachment on coatings

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Two silicone nontoxic fouling release coatings: Hydrosilation cured PDMS and CaCO3filled, ethoxysiloxane cured RTV11

Cited by 70 publications

References 20 publications

Barnacle settlement and the adhesion of protein and diatom microfouling to xerogel films with varying surface energy and water wettability

Barnacle settlement and the adhesion of protein and diatom microfouling to xerogel films with varying surface energy and water wettability

Structure-Property Relationships of Silicone Biofouling-Release Coatings: Effect of Silicone Network Architecture on Pseudobarnacle Attachment Strengths

Zosteric acid—An effective antifoulant for reducing fresh water bacterial attachment on coatings

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Product

Resources

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Two silicone nontoxic fouling release coatings: Hydrosilation cured PDMS and CaCO₃filled, ethoxysiloxane cured RTV11