Two-Photon Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Nitric Oxide in a Diesel Engine

Martin, Glen C.; Mueller, Charles J.; Lee, Chia-fon F.

doi:10.4271/2006-01-1201

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…Ideally, it would be possible to quantitatively and non-intrusively measure the incylinder NO x -production rate and NO x distribution with a high degree of spatial and temporal resolution. Unfortunately, such measurements of NO x -relevant species (e.g., NO, NO 2 , N 2 , N, O 2 , O, OH, and H) and charge-gas temperature at typical diesel-engine conditions are not currently possible, and it is not clear when they will be (see e.g., [33,52,53]). In the mean time, it seems justifiable to use existing knowledge combined with thought experiments to help elucidate a "big picture" view of the mechanisms that determine fuel effects on NO x emissions, even though the thought experiments must necessarily contain some unproven assumptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

Mueller¹,

Boehman²,

Martin³

2009

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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319

233

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The Engineering Meetings Board has approved this paper for publication. It has successfully completed SAE's peer review process under the supervision of the session organizer. This process requires a minimum of three (3) reviews by industry experts. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. ISSN 0148-7191 Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. SAE ABSTRACTIt is generally accepted that emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) increase as the volume fraction of biodiesel increases in blends with conventional diesel fuel. While many mechanisms based on biodiesel effects on incylinder processes have been proposed to explain this observation, a clear understanding of the relative importance of each has remained elusive.To gain further insight into the cause(s) of the biodiesel NO x increase, experiments were conducted in a singlecylinder version of a heavy-duty diesel engine with extensive optical access to the combustion chamber. The engine was operated using two biodiesel fuels and two hydrocarbon reference fuels, over a wide range of loads, and using undiluted air as well as air diluted with simulated exhaust gas recirculation. Measurements were made of cylinder pressure, spatially integrated natural luminosity (a measure of radiative heat transfer), engine-out emissions of NO x and smoke, flame lift-off length, actual start of injection, ignition delay, and efficiency. Adiabatic flame temperatures for the test fuels and a surrogate #2 diesel fuel also were computed at representative diesel-engine conditions.Results suggest that the biodiesel NO x increase is not quantitatively determined by a change in a single fuel property, but rather is the result of a number of coupled mechanisms whose effects may tend to reinforce or cancel one another under different conditions, depending on specific combustion and fuel characteristics. Nevertheless, charge-gas mixtures that are closer to stoichiometric at ignition and in the standing premixed autoignition zone near the flame liftoff length appear to be key factors in helping to explain the biodiesel NO x increase under all conditions. These differences are expected to lead to higher local and average in-cylinder temperatures, lower radiative heat losses, and a shorter, more-advanced combustion event, all of which would be expected to increase thermal NO x emissions. Differences in prompt NO formation and species concentrations resulting from fuel and jet-structure changes also may play important roles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

Mueller¹,

Boehman²,

Martin³

2009

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

Self Cite

319

233

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Rapid In Situ Measurement of Fuel Dilution of Oil in a Diesel Engine using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Parks¹,

Partridge²,

Whitacre³

2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Nitric Oxide Measurements in the Core of Diesel Jets Using a Biofuel Blend

Schulz

Ottenwaelder

Raffius

et al. 2015

SAE Int. J. Mater. Manf.

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Two-Photon Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Nitric Oxide in a Diesel Engine

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

Rapid In Situ Measurement of Fuel Dilution of Oil in a Diesel Engine using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Nitric Oxide Measurements in the Core of Diesel Jets Using a Biofuel Blend

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Two-Photon Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Nitric Oxide in a Diesel Engine

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NOxEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NOxEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

Rapid In Situ Measurement of Fuel Dilution of Oil in a Diesel Engine using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Nitric Oxide Measurements in the Core of Diesel Jets Using a Biofuel Blend

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An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel