Rapid In Situ Measurement of Fuel Dilution of Oil in a Diesel Engine using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Parks, J. E.; Partridge, Bill; Whitacre, Shawn D.

doi:10.4271/2007-01-4108

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…An updated FIO instrument 11 was applied for proof of concept in gasoline engines, and like the original FIO instrument used a ''ratio method'' to correlate fuel mass fraction to the measured LIF signal. 10 As the concentration of dyed gasoline in oil increases, proportional increases in the intensities of the dye-attributable LIF peaks is observed. The ratio method is a two-color calibration method intended to account for non-dye attributable LIF signal variations (e.g., due to laser fluctuations, soot, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This is an off-line measurement using oil samples from specific operation times and does not provide real time, on-engine, and continuous FIO quantification. Parks et al 10 developed an FIO diagnostic based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy for onengine, real-time measurement of dynamic fuel dilution of oil and demonstrated the technique on a Mercedes 1.7 L diesel engine. The FIO instrument resolves transient dilution on the minutes time scale, making it possible to quantify fuel dilution rate in real time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LIF technique demonstrated higher sensitivity and ability to resolve smaller FIO changes as compared to the ASTM method. The LIF spectroscopy method 10 uses an engine-compatible fluorescent dye which is added to the fuel. Filtered excitation light from a 532 nm diode laser is guided to the oil sample by a fiber optic probe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An improved Method for Determining Transient Fuel Dilution of Oil in an Internal-Combustion Engine Using Laser-Induced Florescence and Multivariate Least Square Calibration

et al. 2021

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An optical diagnostic, based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), has been developed for on-engine measurements of real-time fuel dilution of engine oil, or fuel in oil (FiO). Fuel dilution of oil is broadly relevant to advancing engine technology including durability, calibration, and catalyst-system management, and believed to promote destructive stochastic pre-ignition (SPI) during high-load engine operations. While standard (e.g., ASTM D3524-90) methods are not capable of real-time transient measurements, the LIF technique resolves transient dilution on the minutes time scale. We have expanded on our original FiO instrument development by introducing an improved analysis based on multivariate least square chemometrics analysis. The measurement uses a fuel dye (180-1300ppm by mass), and monitors for its presence in the oil via 532-nm excitation and LIF. While the original FiO instrument utilized a two-color ratio method for analysis, the improved chemometric analysis uses the fully resolved LIF dye spectra to provide better predictive FiO accuracy (> 92%) over a wide FiO range (1.5-14%) typical of engine application. We also investigate the effect of oil temperature on the LIF signal. Limited engine applications for demonstrating and validating the improved FiO instrument are shown, and the related data used to quantify practical detection limit and sensitivity. The improved analysis is insensitive to laser power fluctuation and change in detector integration time, providing an excellent FiO sensitivity (1-2%) and detection limit (0.01 %FiO) over a wide range of loads and injection timings, illustrating this updated approach to be a promising tool for advancing engine technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An improved Method for Determining Transient Fuel Dilution of Oil in an Internal-Combustion Engine Using Laser-Induced Florescence and Multivariate Least Square Calibration

et al. 2021

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“…The research conducted by Wattrus 8 reported that the viscosity, density, and tension affect the oil dilution more than the final boiling point. Parks et al 9 used a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method to measure the oil dilution. These experiments were conducted with various injection strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel adhesion and oil splash on oil-wet cylinder walls with post diesel fuel injections

Shibata

Nishiuchi

Takai

et al. 2020

International Journal of Engine Research

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Diesel particulate filters are used to capture the particulate matter in engine exhaust, and the post fuel is injected for a regular regeneration of the diesel particulate filter to avoid plugging of the diesel particulate filter with the particulate matter. The concept of the post fuel injection is as follows: the post fuel is injected in the expansion stroke, the vaporized fuel gas is oxidized by the diesel oxidation catalyst, here the high temperature gas oxidizes the particulate matter on the diesel particulate filter, and the diesel particulate filter is regenerated. However, the post fuel impinges and adheres on the cylinder wall due to the low temperature and pressure conditions in the expansion stroke in actual engine operation and this causes diesel engine lubricant oil dilution, the deterioration of fuel consumption characteristics in diesel engines, as well as ash plugging of the diesel particulate filter. In this article, the post fuel spray behavior and adhesion on oil-wet cylinder liners were investigated with a high pressure–temperature optical constant volume chamber instead of engine tests. The in-cylinder temperature and pressure at the 30, 60, and 90 °CA after top dead center, commonly employed in post fuel injection timings, were measured in engine operation. To create the post fuel injection conditions of diesel engines in the constant volume chamber, pre-mixed gas containing ethylene, oxygen, and nitrogen is introduced into the chamber and ignited by the spark plug. Then, fuel masses of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg per injection hole at the after top dead center settings were injected to a wall adhesion plate with a 5-μm thick oil film that simulates the surface of the cylinder liner and the post fuel impinges on and splashes oil away from the oil film on the cylinder wall. The quantities of splashed oil and adhering fuel on the wall adhesion plate were measured by a precision balance and a thermostatic chamber. With the early post injection, most of the injected fuel vaporizes without penetrating to the cylinder liner and gaseous diesel fuel is condensed on the cylinder wall; however, with the late post fuel injections, the strong penetration of liquid fuel reaches the cylinder wall, and much engine oil becomes splashed away. The droplet size of the fuel spray was measured by telescope ultra-high resolution image analysis with a digital single-lens reflex camera, and the fuel impingement phenomena on the cylinder wall are explained by the Weber number, calculated from velocity and diameter values, droplet density, and surface tension.

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“…The research conducted by Wattrus 6 reported that the viscosity, density, and tension affect the oil dilution more than the final boiling point. Parks et al 7 used laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method to measure the oil dilution. These experiments were conducted with various injection strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of fuel adhesion on cylinder walls and fuel wall-flow behavior with post diesel fuel injections

Shibata

Nishiuchi

Xie

et al. 2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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Post fuel injection in the expansion stroke is used for diesel particulate filter regeneration; however, fuel spray impinges on the cylinder liner due to the low temperature and pressure conditions. Fuel adhesion and fuel flowing down across the cylinder liner, the so-called “wall-flow,” was observed by high-speed video images, and this adhesion is a cause of diesel engine lubricant oil dilution and the deterioration of fuel consumption in diesel engines. In this article, the fuel adhesion and the wall-flow of post diesel fuel injections were investigated with a high pressure-temperature constant volume optical chamber. The in-cylinder temperatures and pressures at 30, 60, and 90 °CA ATDCs, conditions commonly employed in post fuel injection timings, were measured by an actual engine, and similar conditions were created in the constant volume chamber by the combustion of a pre-mixed gas of ethylene, oxygen, and nitrogen. Fuel masses of 0.6, 1.1, and 1.7 mg per hole were injected at each ATDC setting. The weight of the adhered fuel on the wall and the fuel in the piston-cylinder crevice were measured by precision balance, and the liquid–vapor phases in the spray were observed by Mie scattering and shadowgraph methods. To measure the thickness of the adhered fuel on the cylinder wall, the laser-induced fluorescence method was employed. The results show that the fuel spray penetration and adhesion on the cylinder wall were different in the test conditions investigated here. With the early post injection, most of the injected fuel vaporizes without penetrating to the cylinder liner and gaseous diesel fuel is condensed on the cylinder wall. A thin and widely spread out fuel film is formed on the cylinder wall; however, no wall-flow could be confirmed by the high-speed video images. With late post fuel injections, the strong penetration of liquid fuel reaches the cylinder wall, and a thick and widely spread out fuel film was formed on the cylinder wall and the wall-flow phenomenon was observed here. However, the quantity of fuel involved in the wall-flow was smaller than that of the fuel adhering to the cylinder wall. The effects of in-cylinder pressure and temperature on the fuel adhesion on the cylinder wall were investigated. With the increase in pressure and temperature, the quantity of adhering fuel was reduced, suggesting that the boost pressure increase by turbo charging and a higher engine load is effective to reduce fuel adhesion. Furthermore, the effects of multiple post fuel injections on fuel adhesion to the cylinder wall were investigated, maintaining the total fuel injection amounts. With increases in the number of fuel injections, the total percentage of adhering post fuel on the cylinder wall was reduced. In the multiple fuel injections, it was observed that fuel motion takes place during the spray pass after the first and second fuel injections and that the penetration length of the second and third fuel sprays increases.

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Rapid In Situ Measurement of Fuel Dilution of Oil in a Diesel Engine using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

An improved Method for Determining Transient Fuel Dilution of Oil in an Internal-Combustion Engine Using Laser-Induced Florescence and Multivariate Least Square Calibration

An improved Method for Determining Transient Fuel Dilution of Oil in an Internal-Combustion Engine Using Laser-Induced Florescence and Multivariate Least Square Calibration

Fuel adhesion and oil splash on oil-wet cylinder walls with post diesel fuel injections

Measurements of fuel adhesion on cylinder walls and fuel wall-flow behavior with post diesel fuel injections

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