Two new species of Leporinus Agassiz (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from eastern basins of Brazil, and redescription of L. melanopleura Günther

Abstract

Two new species of Leporinus are described from coastal rivers of southern Bahia, Brazil. One of the new species has a bright red blotch immediately dorsal to the pectoral-fin origin in life, three dark blotches along the lateral line that distinctly increase in size posteriorly, and dark longitudinal lines between scale rows on the side of body. The second new species possesses a single broad dark midlateral stripe, encompassing one or two scale rows of depth on the body and centered on the scale row below the lateral line, a dark adipose fin, and a conspicuous dark blotch on the caudal peduncle. The first new species is known only from the rio de Contas and the second from the rio das Almas and rio Jiquiriçá. In addition, Leporinus melanopleura is redescribed based on a designated lectotype and additional specimens collected in the rio Una. Leporinus melanopleura has a single broad dark midlateral stripe, encompassing one or two scale rows of depth on the body, centered on the scale row below lateral line, a hyaline adipose fin (red in life), and an inconspicuous dark blotch on the caudal peduncle.Duas espécies novas de Leporinus são descritas com base em exemplares de rios costeiros do sudeste da Bahia, Brasil. Uma das espécies novas possui uma mancha vermelho-viva imediatamente dorsal à origem da nadadeira peitoral em vida, três manchas escuras sobre a linha lateral que aumentam de tamanho para trás, e linhas escuras longitudinais entre as séries de escamas na lateral do corpo. A segunda espécie nova apresenta uma única faixa escura sobre o corpo, com altura de uma ou duas fileiras de escamas e centrada na série de escamas da linha lateral, nadadeira adiposa escura, e uma conspícua mancha escura sobre o pedúnculo caudal. A primeira espécie nova é conhecida somente do rio de Contas e a segunda dos rios das Almas e Jiquiriçá. Além disso, Leporinus melanopleura é redescrita com base no lectótipo, designado no presente trabalho, e outros exemplares coletados no rio Una. Leporinus melanopleura possui uma única faixa escura sobre o corpo, com altura de uma ou duas fileiras de escamas e centrada na série de escamas abaixo à linha lateral, nadadeira adiposa hialina (vermelha em vida), e uma mancha escura inconspícua sobre o pedúnculo caudal.

Revealing Hidden Diversity of the Underestimated Neotropical Ichthyofauna: DNA Barcoding in the Recently Described Genus Megaleporinus (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

“…Comprising approximately 150 described species, distributed in 15 genera ( Garavello and Britski, 2003 ; Sidlauskas and Vari, 2008 ; Ramirez et al, 2017 ), the known diversity of the Anostomidae has increased in recent years. For instance, 14 species and 1 genus were described only in the last 5 years ( Birindelli et al, 2013 ; Burns et al, 2014 ). DNA barcoding has revealed taxonomic uncertainties within the genus Laemolyta ( Ramirez and Galetti, 2015 ), and molecular phylogeny has helped to provide an understanding of the evolutionary history of the Anostomidae ( Ramirez and Galetti, 2015 ; Ramirez et al, 2016 , 2017 ).…”

Ituglanis agreste, a new catfish from the rio de Contas basin, northeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

“…Fortunately, the three species of Ituglanis known from Bahia (including the one described herein), are found in hydrographic basins that pass through integral protection conservation units: I. paraguassuensis in the rio Paraguaçu basin that passes through the Chapada Diamantina National Park, I. cahyensis in the rio Cahy basin that has part of it course protected by the The discovery of this new species in the rio de Contas basin reinforces the necessity for ichthyofaunal inventories in northeastern Brazil, especially in the numerous isolated coastal watersheds south of rio São Francisco, where more undescribed species are expected to exist (Langeani et al, 2009) (Vari et al, 2010;Zanata & Serra, 2010;Barbosa & Costa, 2011;Rangel-Pereira, 2012;Birindelli et al, 2013). Hence, the case of Ituglanis agreste, together with the recently discovered endemic fish above, suggests that the rio de Contas basin contains several endemic species …”

Redescription of Schizodon dissimilis and appraisal of the dark barred species of the genus (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

“…Furthermore, brown barred Schizodon species do not occur in the neighboring São Francisco River or in the isolated coastal basins from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro. However, other species of Anostomidae occur in both northeastern Brazil and in the São Francisco basin, such as Leporinus piau Fowler, 1941and Leporinus taeniatus Lutken, 1875(Birindelli et al, 2013, blurring the distinctiveness of those endemic areas. This is the expected pattern since, as showed by Dagosta, de Pinna (2017), all regions and South American basins are historically (and compositionally) hybrid.…”