Ituglanis agreste, a new species of catfish, is described from a tributary stream of the rio Gongogi drainage, rio de Contas basin, Bahia State, northeastern Brazil, from a transition area between the Atlantic Rain Forest and the semi-arid Caatinga savanna. This species is distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: elongate interopercle plate with high number of odontodes (26-30), high number of ribs (5-6), fewer vertebrae (36), number of branchiostegal rays (7), number of pectoral-fin rays (i,6) and absence of s1 pore. Comparisons with other Ituglanis species and putative plesiomorphic characters are presented. Some comments about conservation of Ituglanis species from northeastern Brazil are also made.

Ituglanis paraguassuensis, new species, is described from the rio Paraguaçu, Bahia, northeastern Brazil. It is distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by the following combination of characters: color pattern composed of several irregular pale brown blotches aligned along the body (Fig. 1), parietal fontanel extending to posterior edge of medial parietal border (Fig. 2), pectoral fin i,6, pelvic fin i,4 and the unusual reduced number of vertebrae 34–36. Some of these features are considered to be plesiomorphic within the genus. On the other hand, I. paraguassuensis shares several features with members of the derived TSVSG clade. Comparisons with others trichomycterids are presented, including a detailed description and illustration of the body and skeleton including the laterosensory canal and cephalic pores.

No abstract