Two mechanisms of oral malodor inhibition by zinc ions

Suzuki, Nao; Nakano, Yoshio; Watanabe, Takeshi; Yoneda, Masahiro; Hirofuji, Takao; Hanioka, Takashi

doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0161

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Previous reports showed that the inhibitory effect of Zn 2+ on halitosis involves two different mechanisms, direct binding with gaseous hydrogen sulfide and inhibitory growth of volatile sulfur compounds 20 . It has also been reported that Zn 2+ inhibits the growth of oral bacteria 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zn2+ stimulates salivary secretions via metabotropic zinc receptor ZnR/GPR39 in human salivary gland cells

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Zn2+ is a divalent cation that is essential for many biological activities, as it influences many ion channels and enzymatic activities. Zn2+ can evoke G-protein-coupled receptor signaling via activation of the metabotropic zinc receptor ZnR/GPR39. In spite of evidence suggesting the presence of ZnR/GPR39 in salivary gland cells, there has been no evidence of ZnR/GPR39-mediated modulation of salivary gland function. Here we characterized the role of ZnR/GPR39 in human submandibular gland cells. A 0.25% ZnCl2 solution evoked secretion of unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva in humans. We found that ZnR/GPR39 is expressed in human submandibular glands and HSG cells. Zn2+ increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in a concentration-dependent manner. Muscarinic antagonist had no effect on Zn2+-induced [Ca2+]i increase, which was completely blocked by the phospholipase C-β inhibitor. As with muscarinic agonist, Zn2+ also induced the translocation of aquaporin-5 (AQP-5) to the plasma membrane, which was drastically decreased in ZnR/GPR39-knockdown cells. These data suggest that the metabotropic Zn2+ receptor ZnR/GPR39 can modulate salivary secretion in human submandibular gland cells independent of muscarinic or histamine receptor signaling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zn2+ stimulates salivary secretions via metabotropic zinc receptor ZnR/GPR39 in human salivary gland cells

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…In our study, IgY was able to significantly reduce VSCs by inhibiting the growth of bacteria. Zinc ions have two mechanisms of malodor inhibition by binding with H 2 S and antimicrobial activity [27]. According to the reports, F. nucleatum produces VSC, which is related with Cdl (Fn1220) and Lcd (Fn0625) [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of IgY on Periodontitis and Halitosis Induced by Fusobacterium nucleatum

Wang

Qiao

Bao

et al. 2019

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Fusobacterium nucleatum is a morbific agent in periodontitis and halitosis. Egg yolk antibody (IgY) was obtained from egg yolks from chickens stimulated with F. nucleatum. This study was to assess the effectiveness of IgY on periodontitis and halitosis caused by F. nucleatum in vitro and in vivo. The growth of F. nucleatum was inhibited (p < 0.05) by different concentrations of IgY in vitro and the results of a Halimeter show volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) were reduced to 904 ± 57 ppb at a concentration 40 mg/ml of IgY. The changes of fatty acids of F. nucleatum were determined using GC-MS. The scores for odor index of rat saliva were decreased. The major constituent of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including short-chain acids decreased 46.2% in 10 mg/ml IgY, ammonia decreased 70% in 40 mg/ml IgY, while aldehydes and olefine ketones were almost unchanged. The ELISA assay revealed that IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased after 4 weeks' IgY treatment. Morphometric (X-ray) and histological analyses (HE) showed that IgY reduced alveolar bone loss and collagen fibers became orderly in rat models. As a result, IgY may have the potential to treat periodontitis and halitosis. 312 Wang et al. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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“…Recently Suzuki et al [147] confirmed that zinc ions might be useful in inhibiting oral malodor caused by excess of gaseous hydrogen sulfide. Two mechanisms were responsible for the effect of these ions-direct binding of H 2 S by Zn 2+ and suppression of growth of oral bacteria.…”

Section: Hydrogen Sulfidementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and Malodor—Etiology and Management

Mogilnicka

Bogucki²,

Ufnal

2020

IJMS

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Accumulating evidence indicates that microbiota plays a critical role in physiological processes in humans. However, it might also contribute to body malodor by producing numerous odorous molecules such as ammonia, volatile sulfur compounds or trimethylamine. Although malodor is commonly overlooked by physicians, it constitutes a major problem for many otherwise healthy people. Thus, this review aims to investigate most common causes of malodor and describe potential therapeutic options. We searched PUBMED and Google Scholar databases to identify the clinical and pre-clinical studies on bad body smell, malodor, halitosis and microbiota. Unpleasant smell might originate from the mouth, skin, urine or reproductive fluids and is usually caused by odorants that are produced by resident bacterial flora. The accumulation of odorous compounds might result from diet, specific composition of microbiota, as well as compromised function of the liver, intestines and kidneys. Evidence-based guidelines for management of body malodor are lacking and no universal treatment exists. However, the alleviation of the symptoms may be achieved by controlling the diet and physical elimination of bacteria and/or accumulated odorants.

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Two mechanisms of oral malodor inhibition by zinc ions

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Zn2+ stimulates salivary secretions via metabotropic zinc receptor ZnR/GPR39 in human salivary gland cells

Zn2+ stimulates salivary secretions via metabotropic zinc receptor ZnR/GPR39 in human salivary gland cells

Effect of IgY on Periodontitis and Halitosis Induced by Fusobacterium nucleatum

Microbiota and Malodor—Etiology and Management

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