Effect of IgY on Periodontitis and Halitosis Induced by Fusobacterium nucleatum

Abstract

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a morbific agent in periodontitis and halitosis. Egg yolk antibody (IgY) was obtained from egg yolks from chickens stimulated with F. nucleatum. This study was to assess the effectiveness of IgY on periodontitis and halitosis caused by F. nucleatum in vitro and in vivo. The growth of F. nucleatum was inhibited (p < 0.05) by different concentrations of IgY in vitro and the results of a Halimeter show volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) were reduced to 904 ± 57 ppb at a concentration 40 mg/ml of IgY. The changes of fatty acids of F. nucleatum were determined using GC-MS. The scores for odor index of rat saliva were decreased. The major constituent of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including short-chain acids decreased 46.2% in 10 mg/ml IgY, ammonia decreased 70% in 40 mg/ml IgY, while aldehydes and olefine ketones were almost unchanged. The ELISA assay revealed that IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased after 4 weeks' IgY treatment. Morphometric (X-ray) and histological analyses (HE) showed that IgY reduced alveolar bone loss and collagen fibers became orderly in rat models. As a result, IgY may have the potential to treat periodontitis and halitosis. 312 Wang et al. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

The Role of Oral Microbiota in Intra-Oral Halitosis

“…In many studies, the measurement of malodor substances concerns only volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). The most commonly used are VSC monitors, such as the Halimeter (Interscan, Chatsworth, USA) [11,36,[38][39][40][41]. This method has a significant disadvantage because the measure of dimethyl sulfide is not exact [42].…”

Association of Dental Caries and Oral Health Related Quality of Life (Ohrqol) in Disabled Children

“…In the present study, OHRQol tool showed that 4.1% disabled children had halitosis. That means there is higher number of anaerobicd bacteria in their saliva or gingival clavicular fluid that further damages their oral tissues 22 . In 41.2% mentally challenged children had complained about food wedge between their teeth.…”

Immunoglobulin Y for Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications in Infectious Diseases

“…Fusobacterium nucleatum is one of many pathogenic bacterial strains that contributes to halitosis and periodontitis ( 185 ). Although available treatments include chemical antiseptics, antimicrobials, and mechanical therapy ( 186 ), efficacy is limited by poor compliance and the development of antibiotic resistance. IgY anti- F. nucleatum has been suggested as an immunotherapeutic alternative to mediating the development of F. nucleatum and other bacteria in the oral cavity.…”

“…IgY anti- F. nucleatum has been suggested as an immunotherapeutic alternative to mediating the development of F. nucleatum and other bacteria in the oral cavity. In a periodontitis rat model, IgY anti- F. nucleatum inhibited the development of volatile sulfurous and odorous compounds and decreased the malodor index, levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and alveolar bone loss, while aiding periodontal restoration ( 186 ).…”