Singlet oxygen (1O2) is widely regarded as the main cytotoxic substance that induces the biological damage for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this study, the previously developed near‐infrared (NIR) optical imaging system was optimized for fast imaging of 1O2 luminescence. The optical imaging system enables direct imaging of 1O2 luminescence in blood vessels within 2 s during vascular‐targeted PDT (V‐PDT), which makes this system extremely practical for in vivo studies. The dependence of RB concentration on 1O2 luminescence image was investigated for V‐PDT, and the data imply that 1270 nm signal is attributed to 1O2 luminescence. The imaging system operates with a field of view of 9.60 × 7.68 mm2 and a spatial resolution of 30 μm, which holds the potential to elucidate the correlation between cumulative 1O2 luminescence and vasoconstriction for V‐PDT.