TWACS??, A New Viable Two-Way Automatic Communication System for Distribution Networks. PART II: Inbound Communication

A Novel Multi-Parallel Power Frequency Communication Technology

“…In the 1980s, the United States Mak, ST [7] proposed TWACS the basic concept of voltage modulation with the previous simple mode, while the other way the information transmission through the current modulation , Thus realizing the two-way transmission of information. As the North American power grid channel interference is small, the technology has been in the remote meter reading, load control and other fields have been applied.…”

“…According to the distribution network structure and the power line frequency communication mechanism, through the multi-feeder, three-phase transmission, single-phase multiplexing proving the system's equivalent rate [1,4,7]. As shown in Figure 1, by the substation in the sub-station equipment and a number of low-voltage side of the distribution transformer terminal, the sub-station and the terminal through the voltage or current distortion signal to achieve information transmission.…”

Strategies for Power Line Communications Smart Metering Network Deployment

“…They are still used in some cases where meters are dispersed over broad geographical areas, and very limited non-PLC technological alternatives exist. In the last 20 years, two-way automatic communications system (TWACS) [33,34] and Turtle Systems [35] have spread their deployments, and have faced the criticism of the very limited scope of the functionalities that can be implemented in the Smart Metering domain with such low data rates. o The settlement of the Smart Metering concepts came in the 1990s with the advent of the EN50065 regulation (specifically in Europe).…”

“…Combinations of both approaches can also be found, with BB solutions in the MV segment together with NB solutions for LV segment [88]; this mixed approach can also be applied in areas of the utility in combination with the other two approaches in other parts. As an extreme solution for very specific and particular grids UNB PLC remains as an alternative [33][34][35].…”

Power Line Communications for Smart Grid Applications

“…BPL is, however, on the rise, especially in rural areas and in developing countries with a poorly developed fixed telephone line and coaxial cable infrastructure [16]. Apart from general Internet Access, automated meter reading (AMR) systems frequently used ultranarrowband power line communication (UNB-PLC) technologies like Turtle [28] and TWACS [29,30] to gain access and control over the energy meters within private homes. UNB-PLC systems are usually designed to communicate over long distances with their signals passing through the LV/MV transformers.…”