Tuning the A-site cation composition of FA perovskites for efficient and stable NiO-based p–i–n perovskite solar cells

Hu, Chen; Yang, Bai; Xiao, Shuang; Zhang, Teng; Meng, Xianwei; Ng, Wai Kit; Yang, Yinglong; Wong, Kam Sing; Chen, Haining

doi:10.1039/c7ta07139f

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We note that the overall efficiency is constrained by the V oc that is limited here to below 1.05 V. It has been recently shown that utilizing other hole transporting contact materials such as PTAA23,57,58 or doped NiO x layers enable higher V oc potentials [59][60][61]. Thus, to our best knowledge the champion PCE of 17.0% presented here is among the best for mixed halide perovskite solar cells employing a non-doped and unmodified NiO x contact layer presented so far 62.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Cs_xFA_1–xPb(I_1–yBr_y)₃ Perovskite Compositions: the Appearance of Wrinkled Morphology and its Impact on Solar Cell Performance

Braunger¹,

Mundt

Wolff

et al. 2018

J. Phys. Chem. C

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We report on the formation of wrinkle-patterned surface morphologies in cesium formamidinium based Cs x FA 1-x Pb(I 1-y Br y) 3 perovskite compositions with x = 0-0.3 and y = 0-0.3 under various spin-coating conditions. By varying the Cs and Br content, perovskite precursor solution concentration, and spin-coating procedure, the occurrence and characteristics of the wrinkleshaped morphology can be tailored systematically. Cs 0.17 FA 0.83 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17) 3 perovskite layers were analyzed regarding their surface roughness, microscopic structure, local and overall composition, and optoelectronic properties. Application of these films in p-in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with ITO/NiO x /perovskite/C 60 /BCP/Cu architecture resulted in up to 15.3% and 17.0% power conversion efficiency for the flat and wrinkled morphology, respectively. Interestingly, we find slightly red-shifted photoluminescence (PL) peaks for wrinkled areas and we are able to directly correlate surface topography with PL peak mapping. This is attributed to differences in local grain size, while there is no indication for compositional de-mixing in the films. We show that perovskite composition, crystallization kinetics, and layer thickness strongly influence the formation of wrinkles which is proposed to be related to the release of compressive strain during perovskite crystallization. Our work helps to better understand film formation and to further improve efficiency of PSCs with widely used mixed perovskite compositions.

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mentioning

confidence: 73%

Cs_xFA_1–xPb(I_1–yBr_y)₃ Perovskite Compositions: the Appearance of Wrinkled Morphology and its Impact on Solar Cell Performance

Braunger¹,

Mundt

Wolff

et al. 2018

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…In addition to structural stabilization, morphological optimization, and alteration of the bandgap, and consequently optical absorption, mixed compositions also enable changes in the energy‐band alignment, which affect the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite devices . This issue is particularly significant for achieving good performance of the inverted NiO‐based perovskite solar cells with phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), for which it is difficult to achieve a favorable energy alignment between the FA‐based mixed perovskite and the PCBM . The energy‐level alignment can also be altered by doping the perovskite layer with other alkali metals, such as potassium or rubidium .…”

Section: Structure Of Fa‐based Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been increasingly investigated since 2012; the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has increased from 10% to a world record of 22.7% and surpasses that of the polycrystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, and copper–indium–gallium–selenide series . Consequently, these materials have been extensively studied …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formamidinium‐Based Lead Halide Perovskites: Structure, Properties, and Fabrication Methodologies

Liu

Waqas

et al. 2018

Small Methods

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Formamidinium (FA)‐based perovskites exhibit great potential for photovoltaics since they enable the achievement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 22%. The bandgap of FA‐based perovskite is lower than that of the methylammonium‐based one, while the larger ionic radius and dual‐ammonia group of FA ions restrain their movement in close‐packing [PbI6]4− cages, leading to improved stability. Here, the structure and properties of FAPbI3− and FA‐based mixed cation perovkites are discussed. In particular, the issues of polymorphism and stabilization of the desired low‐bandgap crystal phase of FAPbI3 are considered. FAPbI3 exhibits polymorphisms with a photovoltaically unfavorable δ‐phase that is stable at room temperature, and, thus, it is difficult to prepare continuous and compact FAPbI3 with the desired crystal structure, namely, the pure α‐phase. Hence, overcoming the limitations of phase transitions is the critical issue in obtaining high‐quality FA‐based perovskite films, which are a prerequisite for solar cells with high PCEs. Here, the focus is on the fabrication methods of FA‐based perovskite films, namely, additive engineering, intermolecular exchange, interfacial engineering, and chemical vapor deposition. A comprehensive overview of the fabrication methodology for the FA‐based perovskite films is provided to facilitate understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

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“…Figure 7 displays the energy band structures of the materials contained in the solar cells based on some reports [25, 26], and the energy band gap from the Tauc plots is shown in Fig. 4b.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Up-conversion Material of Ho3+-Yb3+-Mg2+ Tri-doped TiO2 and Its Applications to Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2018

Nanoscale Res Lett

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A new up-conversion nanomaterial of Ho3+-Yb3+-Mg2+ tri-doped TiO2 (UC-Mg-TiO2) was designed and synthesized with a sol-gel method. The UC-Mg-TiO2 presented enhanced up-conversion fluorescence by an addition of Mg2+. The UC-Mg-TiO2 was utilized to fabricate perovskite solar cells by forming a thin layer on the electron transfer layer. The results display that the power conversion efficiency of the solar cells based on the electron transfer layer with UC-Mg-TiO2 is improved to 16.3 from 15.2% for those without UC-Mg-TiO2. It is demonstrated that the synthesized UC-Mg-TiO2 can convert the near-infrared light to visible light that perovskite film can absorb to improve the power conversion efficiency of the devices.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s11671-018-2681-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Tuning the A-site cation composition of FA perovskites for efficient and stable NiO-based p–i–n perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Cation mixing has proved to be effective in stabilizing the high-temperature phase of formamidinium (FA)-based perovskites, affording high-performance n–i–p perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Cs_xFA_1–xPb(I_1–yBr_y)₃ Perovskite Compositions: the Appearance of Wrinkled Morphology and its Impact on Solar Cell Performance

Cs_xFA_1–xPb(I_1–yBr_y)₃ Perovskite Compositions: the Appearance of Wrinkled Morphology and its Impact on Solar Cell Performance

Formamidinium‐Based Lead Halide Perovskites: Structure, Properties, and Fabrication Methodologies

A New Up-conversion Material of Ho3+-Yb3+-Mg2+ Tri-doped TiO2 and Its Applications to Perovskite Solar Cells

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Tuning the A-site cation composition of FA perovskites for efficient and stable NiO-based p–i–n perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Cation mixing has proved to be effective in stabilizing the high-temperature phase of formamidinium (FA)-based perovskites, affording high-performance n–i–p perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

CsxFA1–xPb(I1–yBry)3 Perovskite Compositions: the Appearance of Wrinkled Morphology and its Impact on Solar Cell Performance

CsxFA1–xPb(I1–yBry)3 Perovskite Compositions: the Appearance of Wrinkled Morphology and its Impact on Solar Cell Performance

Formamidinium‐Based Lead Halide Perovskites: Structure, Properties, and Fabrication Methodologies

A New Up-conversion Material of Ho3+-Yb3+-Mg2+ Tri-doped TiO2 and Its Applications to Perovskite Solar Cells

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Product

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Cs_xFA_1–xPb(I_1–yBr_y)₃ Perovskite Compositions: the Appearance of Wrinkled Morphology and its Impact on Solar Cell Performance

Cs_xFA_1–xPb(I_1–yBr_y)₃ Perovskite Compositions: the Appearance of Wrinkled Morphology and its Impact on Solar Cell Performance