Tumor necrosis factor receptors in the pituitary cells

Kobayashi, Hiromasa; Fukata, Junichi; Murakami, Norihiko; Usui, Takeshi; Ebisui, Osamu; Muro, Seiji; Hanaoka, Ikuko; Inoue, Kinji; Imura, Hiroo; Nakao, K

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(96)01437-0

Cited by 65 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…With their long cytoplasmic processes between other cell types, they are in an ideal position to play a role in intercellular communication mechanisms. Although FS cells do not secrete hormones, they are known to release biologically important factors and signaling molecules (e.g., IL-6, nitric oxide, vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, follistatin) (14,29,36) and are responsive to central and peripheral stimuli [e.g., pituitary adenylate cyclaseactivating peptide (PACAP), vasoactive intestinal peptide, estrogens] (37-39) including immune factors (tumor necrosis factor ␣, transforming growth factor ␤3, IFN-␥) (40)(41)(42). Moreover and most remarkably, the FS cell network seems to provide a unique system of large-scale communication that may rapidly adjust cellular activities within the anterior pituitary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folliculostellate cell network: A route for long-distance communication in the anterior pituitary

Fauquier

Guérineau

McKinney

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

168

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C lassically, the anterior pituitary is considered as a secondary oscillator obeying mainly hypothalamic factors, either increasing or decreasing secretion of pituitary hormones, which are released in an episodic manner at the base of the median eminence (1-4). The portal blood vessels form the interorgan communication system driving the hypothalamic inputs to the anterior pituitary. They collect the transmitters released by hypothalamic nerve endings at the primary capillary plexus level and slowly distribute them in the endocrine parenchyma via the arborescence of pituitary sinusoids between the columnar units of pituitary cells (''cell cords'') (5, 6). Over the last three decades, many studies carried out in isolated endocrine cells have provided strong evidence that endocrine cells generate action potential-driven rises in cytosolic Ca 2ϩ concentration ([Ca 2ϩ ] i ) that are probably the keystones of dynamic adjustment of numerous cellular functions, including exocytosis and gene expression (7-9). Recently, the technique of acute slice preparations applied to the anterior pituitary revealed that endocrine cells do fire short-term [Ca 2ϩ ] i transients because of their electrical activity in situ (10, 11).However, the activity of the gland as a whole does not reflect the average of independent dynamics of cellular messages that occur in the distinct endocrine cell types scattered throughout the tissue. In this respect, one puzzling finding is the persistence of pulsatile releasing profiles of hormones when the gland is disconnected from the hypothalamic inputs (12, 13). This indicates that a large-scale communication system exists within the anterior pituitary. Despite the wealth of information on cell-tocell mechanisms between endocrine cells that comprise the release of paracrine factors (14) and gap junction signaling (10), spreading of spatial information that crosses the limits of single cell cords could not be explained by these mechanisms.Because a highly efficient process spreading spatial information to the entire gland and even to pituitary subregions has not been reported yet, we explored here whether nonendocrine folliculostellate (FS) cells can support long-distance information transfer within the gland. FS cells display a star-shaped cytoplasmic configuration intermingled between hormone-secreting cells. The organization of FS cells within the parenchyma forms a three-dimensional anatomical network, in the meshes of which the endocrine cells reside (15, 16). Very little is known about the functioning of this FS cell network, in particular with regard to the dynamics of cellular͞intercellular messages. To study the behavior of this network, we measured multicellular changes in [Ca 2ϩ ] i , a messenger involved in a wide range of cell-to-cell communication mechanisms (17-23), electrophysiological properties of FS cells, and intercellular diffusion of dyes in acute pituitary slices. We show here that the FS cell network forms a functional intrapituitary circuitry in which information-Ca 2ϩ signa...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folliculostellate cell network: A route for long-distance communication in the anterior pituitary

Fauquier

Guérineau

McKinney

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

168

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“…see 85), and FS cells at least seem to be 'excitable' in this respect. Moreover, the detection in vitro of numerous receptors in FS cells (15) or TtT/GF cells (93 -95), as well as of [Ca 2þ ] i rises in response to certain stimuli (94), further point to the 'excitable' nature of these cells. On the other hand, the occurrence of TSH receptors in a subpopulation of FS cells also expressing MHC-class II receptors (29) points to a possible role of these receptors in the immune accessory function of this FS cell subpopulation.…”

Section: New Perspectives In Fs Cell Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason for this redundancy has been ascribed to the nature of the receptor complexes (cytokine class I receptor type), which share the gp130 molecule as a common receptor subunit (97,98). Although, in the TtT/GF cell line, specific IL-11 (93), ciliary neurotropic factor (93) and tumor necrosis factor receptors (94) have been detected, so far no cytokine receptors have been demonstrated in FS cells in situ. IFN-g, on the other hand, uses the distinct class II receptor signaling pathway (98).…”

Section: New Perspectives In Fs Cell Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

History and perspectives of pituitary folliculo-stellate cell research

Allaerts¹,

Vankelecom²

2005

eur j endocrinol

157

129

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Historically, the study of folliculo-stellate (FS) cells of the anterior pituitary dates back to the onset of electron microscopical observation of the pituitary gland. The morphological and electrophysiological characteristics, topographical distribution and contribution to intercellular junctions of these FS cells have been instrumental to the understanding of their putative function. Moreover, many studies have documented the role of FS cells as a source of newly discovered peptides, growth factors and cytokines. Quantitative immunohistochemical observation of FS cells in situ and functional in vitro studies, using either cultured FS cells or cells from an immortalized FS cell line, forwarded the notion of immunophenotypical and functional heterogeneity of the FS cell group. Double immunolabeling with a classical FS cell marker (S-100 protein) and with major histocompatibility complex class II markers characteristic for dendritic cells (DC) have shown a considerable overlap of FS cells with DC. The latter cells are immunocompetent cells belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system. In this review, the FS cell heterogeneity is discussed with respect to the question of their embryological origin and developmental fate and with respect to the physiological relevance of functionally heterogeneous subpopulations. Recent findings of a myeloid origin of part of the interstitial cells of the anterior pituitary are confronted by other developmental paradigms of pituitary cell differentiation. The possibility that FS cells represent an adult stem cell population of the pituitary is critically examined. Also the physiological role of FS cells in the interferon-g-and nitric oxide-mediated effects on pituitary hormone secretion is discussed. New approaches for the study of this enigmatic cell group using immortalized cell lines and new markers for an hitherto unrecognized pituitary cell population, the so-called 'side population', are evaluated.

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“…In addition, they reported that Fas activation induces apoptosis of lactotropes and somatotropes as well (21). It was also demonstrated that the somatolactotrophic tumor GH3 cell line and the corticotrophic tumor AtT20 cell line express Fas (31,32). In GH3 and AtT20 cells, overexpression of Fas strongly enhanced cell death by apoptosis, suggesting that death receptorapoptotic pathways are conserved in both tumoral cell lines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%