Tuberculosis in the New World: a study of ribs from the Schild Mississippian population, West-Central Illinois

Abstract

Vertebral lesions have been the main evidence for infection by the

Tuberculosis on the north coast of Peru: skeletal and molecular paleopathology of late pre-Hispanic and postcontact mycobacterial disease

“…IS6110 was identified in the earliest molecular work in the Andes (Salo et al, 1994;Arriaza et al, 1995) and later work with North American samples (Braun et al, 1998;Raff et al, 2006), but Wilbur et al's protocols have yet to demonstrate the presence of the IS6110 repeat in a single Andean case, with a total of 34 screened before ILL-22. Moreover, if confirmed, ILL-22 would be the first precontact sample, from either precontact North or South America, to contain this sequence as detected by the Arizona State laboratory.…”

“…Tuberculosis is synergistically linked to settlement patterns, subsistence, and socioeconomic inequality in the ancient Old World and New World and has emerged as a 21st century global health threat (Buikstra, 1981;Larsen, 1997;Pálfi et al, 1999;Roberts and Buikstra, 2003;Wilbur et al, 2008;Stone et al, 2009). Anthropological study of tuberculosis has advanced significantly through development of models linking immune function, diet, and hostepathogen interaction (Wilbur et al, 2008), genomic data from several M. tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) species, and advances in differential diagnosis and molecular methods (Salo et al, 1994;Baron et al, 1996;Crubézy et al, 1998;Ortner, 1999;Mays et al, 2001Mays et al, , 2002Rothschild et al, 2001;Zink et al, 2001Zink et al, , 2003aZink et al, ,b, 2005Zink et al, , 2007Brosch et al, 2002;Stead, 2000;Konomi et al, 2002;Fletcher et al, 2003;Hurtado et al, 2003;Gutierrez et al, 2005;Taylor et al, 2005;Raff et al, 2006;Donoghue, 2008;Grauer, 2008;Suzuki et al, 2008;Dabbs, 2009;Wilbur et al, 2009). Resulting perspectives help reject the "recenteorigin hypothesis" or the evolution of human forms of the disease from a bovid form, and the roles of dietary protein and iron, ecogeography, host resistance factors, and pathogen physiology in human infection.…”

Palaeomicrobiology of Tuberculosis

“…As work has continued in this field, however, there are an accumulating number of studies that have reported MTB DNA in skeletons without pathological changes (Haas et al 2000;Zink et al 2001Zink et al , 2003aMays et al 2002;Fusegawa et al 2003), although at a lower frequency than skeletons with lesions. There is continuing interest in the relationship of disease to the presence of bony lesions (Zink et al 2005a;Raff et al 2006;Santos and Roberts 2006).…”

Paleomicrobiology

“…As work has continued in this field, however, there are an accumulating number of studies that have reported MTB complex DNA in skeletons without pathological changes Zink et al 2001Zink et al , 2003aMays et al 2002;Fusegawa et al 2003), although at a lower frequency than skeletons with lesions. There is continuing interest in the relationship of disease to the presence of bony lesions (Zink et al 2005a;Raff et al 2006;.…”