Tuberculosis in Otorhinolaryngology: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Challenges

Michael, Rajiv C; Michael, Joy S.

doi:10.1155/2011/686894

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The breakthrough of bacteria can result in a recurrence of the pneumonia and a spread of TB to other locations in the body. The kidneys, bone, and lining of the brain and spinal cord (meninges) are the most common sites affected by the spread of TB beyond the lungs [21].…”

Section: Immune Response Against Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Diabetes in prevalence of Tuberculosis

Siddiqui¹

2012

J Diabetes Metab

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Tuberculosis is a lethal disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Mycobacterium initially infects lungs. If the infection spreads beyond the lungs, the symptoms will depend upon the individual organs. Diabetes is a type of metabolic disease in which a person has increased blood sugar level. It's because the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells inside the body do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Diabetics have a three to five time's higher risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) than those without diabetes disease. Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for tuberculosis and may affect disease treatment and also the response. Additionally tuberculosis may induce glucose intolerance and worsen the glycaemic control in people with diabetes. The main aim of this Review is to evaluate the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis disease, the effect of diabetes mellitus on tuberculosis and vice versa.  When the immune system of a patient with dormant TB is weakened, the TB can become active (reactivate) and cause infection in lungs or any other parts of the body. The risk factors for acquiring TB include close-contact situations, alcohol, drug abuse and certain diseases (examples include diabetes, cancer, and HIV) and occupations (for example, health-care workers). The common signs and symptoms of TB include fatigue, fever, weight loss, coughing, and night sweats. The diagnosis of TB involves skin tests, chest X-rays, sputum analysis (smear and culture), and PCR tests to detect the genetic material of the causative bacteria or causative agent [12]. Inactive tuberculosis may be treated with an isoniazid (INH), antibiotic, in order to prevent the TB infection from becoming active. Active TB is usually treated, successfully, with INH in combination with one or more of several drugs, including rifampin (Rifadin), ethambutol (Myambutol), pyrazinamide, and streptomycin [13].

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Section: Immune Response Against Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Diabetes in prevalence of Tuberculosis

Siddiqui¹

2012

J Diabetes Metab

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“…Michael et al noted similar results in 2011. 3 None were found to have drug-resistant tuberculosis. Role of surgery was mainly to establish the diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Occurrence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis without pulmonary infection is on the rise in recent years, mainly because of rise in immunocompromised patients and changing trends in the treatment of tuberculosis. 3 Commonest manifestation of otolaryngological tuberculosis excluding cervical lympahedenitis is laryngitis, but a wide spectrum of cases is encountered now-a-days. 4 Here we present a series of cases of various manifestations of tuberculosis encountered in our ENT practice, commonest manifestation being cervical lymphadenopathy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis in otolaryngological practice

Ghate

Chavan

Thomas

et al. 2017

Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Background: Tuberculosis has become a common occurrence in Otorhinolaryngology with increasing number of extra pulmonary cases. Methods: This is a study of 27 patients who visited ENT OPD of Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Pune, with variety of manifestations of tuberculosis in the ENT region. Results: Majority of those suffered from tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy, other manifestations included laryngeal tuberculosis, tuberculous otitis media, lupus vulgaris and tuberculous infection of a pre auricular sinus. FNAC and histopathologic examination proved to be reliable tools of diagnosis. Five of these patients suffered from concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis. All these responded well to category 1 anti-tubercular therapy well. Conclusions: Tuberculosis in Otorhinolaryngology shows a variety of manifestations so it should be kept in mind whenever dealing with unusual presentations.

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“…It is one of the common granulomatous infections of the head and neck region caused by Mycobacterium tuberculi and is a leading cause of death due to a single infective agent. 10 Although the incidence of tuberculosis has been on the decline due to the introduction of effective chemotherapeutic agents there has been an increase in the incidence of extra pulmonary tuberculosis in the head and neck region due to the rise in the incidence of HIV infection. 6,7,10 In laryngeal tuberculosis initially there is exudation and hyperaemia in the subepithelial layers following which mononuclear round cells infiltrate the subepithelial layers causing pseudoedema.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Although the incidence of tuberculosis has been on the decline due to the introduction of effective chemotherapeutic agents there has been an increase in the incidence of extra pulmonary tuberculosis in the head and neck region due to the rise in the incidence of HIV infection. 6,7,10 In laryngeal tuberculosis initially there is exudation and hyperaemia in the subepithelial layers following which mononuclear round cells infiltrate the subepithelial layers causing pseudoedema. It goes through stages of granuloma formation, caseation necrosis, formation of shallow ulcers and these ulcers heal by fibrosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present scenario of laryngeal tuberculosis

Saldanha¹,

Sima

Bhat³

et al. 2017

Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Background: The objectives of the study were to document the presentation of laryngeal tuberculosis, response to anti-tubercular treatment and objective evaluation of larynx during and post anti-tubercular treatment.Methods: A before and after treatment study including 15 subjects with laryngeal tuberculosis treated in our tertiary health care centre during a three year study period. Clinical presentation, management, subjective self-assessment of voice and objective assessment of larynx by videostroboscopy at the beginning, at two months and at six months of anti-tubercular treatment were documented. Results: Two patients had primary laryngeal tuberculosis and thirteen patients had laryngeal tuberculosis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Only one patient was immuno-compromised. Most common presenting symptom was hoarseness (93%). Ulcerative lesions were the most common clinical finding (87%) with the vocal cords being the commonest site involved (80%). All patients responded well to anti-tubercular treatment. Videostroboscopy showed an improvement in vocal cord lesions during treatment. Subjective assessment of voice after two months of anti-tubercular treatment showed marked improvement in voice. At completion of treatment, voice was better but all patients had complaints of residual hoarseness.Conclusions: Primary laryngeal tuberculosis is less common in comparison to laryngeal tuberculosis secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. With early diagnosis, the response to treatment is satisfactory. Videostroboscopy can be used as an effective tool in monitoring vocal cord changes during the follow- up period.

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Tuberculosis in Otorhinolaryngology: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Challenges

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Role of Diabetes in prevalence of Tuberculosis

Role of Diabetes in prevalence of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis in otolaryngological practice

Present scenario of laryngeal tuberculosis

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