Trophic transfer of silver to marine herbivores: A review of recent studies

Fisher, Nicholas S.; Wang, Wen‐Xiong

doi:10.1002/etc.5620170406

Cited by 44 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Thus, it would be expected that simultaneous silver accumulation from both dissolved phase and food would increase the whole body silver accumulation and consequently the acute silver toxicity in the copepod A. tonsa. In fact, it was shown that the silver accumulated by copepods correspond to that present in the cytosolic fraction of phytoplankton food [31,36]. Furthermore, no changes were observed in higher salinities (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Both T. weissflogii and T. pseudonana have already been employed in recent studies on metal transfer in marine herbivores [15,[31][32][33][34]. Both T. weissflogii and T. pseudonana have already been employed in recent studies on metal transfer in marine herbivores [15,[31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For marine herbivores, including the copepod A. tonsa, it has been demonstrated that silver can be accumulated from both waterborne and dietborne exposure [15,[31][32][33][34][35][36]. In copepods, silver body burdens are generally higher following waterborne rather than dietary exposure [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute silver toxicity in the euryhaline copepod Acartia tonsa: Influence of salinity and food

Pedroso

Bersano

Bianchini

2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The euryhaline copepod Acartia tonsa was exposed to silver (AgNO(3)) in either the absence or the presence of food (diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii; 2 x 10(4) cells/ml). Standard static-renewal toxicity tests that included a fixed photoperiod of 16: 8 h light:dark and temperature (20 degrees C) were run in three different salinities (5, 15, and 30 ppt) together with measurements of pH, ions (Na(+), Cl(-), K(+), SO(4)(2-), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+)), alkalinity, dissolved organic carbon, and total and dissolved (0.45 microm) silver concentrations in the experimental media. In the absence of food, the 48-h EC50 (concentration causing effect to 50% of the individuals tested) values based on total and dissolved silver concentrations were 11.6, 87.2, and 163.2 microg Ag/L and 7.1, 79.2, and 154.6 microg Ag/L at salinities 5, 15, and 30 ppt, respectively. In the presence of food, they were 62.1, 98.5, and 238.4 microg Ag/L and 48.4, 52.3, and 190.9 microg Ag/L, respectively. In all experimental conditions, most of the toxic silver fraction was in the dissolved phase, regardless of salinity or the presence of food in the water. In either the absence or the presence of food, acute silver toxicity was salinity dependent, decreasing as salinity increased. Data indicate that changes in water chemistry can account for the differences in acute silver toxicity in the absence of food, but not in the presence of food, suggesting that A. tonsa requires extra energy to cope with the stressful conditions imposed by acute silver exposure and ionoregulatory requirements in low salinities. These findings indicate the need for incorporation of both salinity and food (organic carbon) in a future biotic ligand model (BLM) version for estuarine and marine conditions, which could be validated and calibrated using the euryhaline copepod A. tonsa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute silver toxicity in the euryhaline copepod Acartia tonsa: Influence of salinity and food

Pedroso

Bersano

Bianchini

2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Ag may accumulate as an insoluble sulphide complex, which is very stable, in Percentage of Ag (%) retained by green mussels following 6 d of feeding on radiolabelled food in different seasons (mean ± SD, n = 12). The efflux rate constant (k e ) was calculated from the slope of the regression between the natural log of the percentage of Ag retained from 7 d and the time mussels (Fisher & Wang 1998). The estuarine population had relatively more Ag in the MTLP (2-to 4-fold); thus, MTLP may also share some detoxification roles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcellular controls of silver biokinetics in the green mussel Perna viridis from two hydrographic zones

Ng¹,

Wang²

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The roles of subcellular distribution on silver (Ag) accumulation and elimination in the green mussel Perna viridis collected from 2 hydrographical zones (harbour vs. estuarine) in Hong Kong during 3 different seasons were investigated. Ag concentration and biokinetics varied widely between the 2 zones, but were less variable among the different seasons (pre-wet, wet and dry). The harbour population had a 2-to 6-fold higher Ag tissue concentration than the estuarine population. The insoluble fraction was the predominant pool for Ag subcellular distribution in the green mussels. In both the pre-wet and wet seasons, a lower Ag tissue concentration was associated with the insoluble fraction in the estuarine population as compared to the harbour population. Ag uptake from the aqueous phase was faster in the estuarine population during all seasons, but no significant relationship between Ag uptake and salinity was found in this study. Dietary uptake of Ag was similar in both populations, although there was a slight difference in assimilation from diatoms and natural seston. Efflux of Ag was 2 times faster in the estuarine population during the wet and dry seasons, which may partially explain the lower Ag tissue burden in the mussels. These results demonstrated a close correlation between Ag kinetics and its subcellular distribution. The percentage of Ag in the heatsensitive proteins correlated positively to the influx of dissolved Ag and Ag efflux, but negatively to the dietary assimilation. On the other hand, a higher percentage of Ag in the insoluble fraction was related to a higher dissolved uptake rate constant and a lower assimilation. Thus, the role of the individual subcellular fraction in the uptake was exposure pathway-specific. This study highlights the importance of subcellular Ag partitioning in controlling its accumulation and detoxification in bivalves.KEY WORDS: Uptake · Efflux · Mussels · Hydrographical zones · Hong KongResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…Aquatic invertebrates are exposed to chemicals from both the particulate and dissolved phases. Recently, there have been renewed interest and new revelations in the trophic transfer of contaminants in aquatic food chains as food uptake has been increasingly recognized as an important source for contaminant accumulation [1–6]. One critical parameter in understanding and modeling a contaminant's trophic transfer and accumulation in aquatic systems is the assimilation efficiency (AE) of the contaminant in animals from ingested food [7, 8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilation efficiencies of chemical contaminants in aquatic invertebrates: A synthesis

Wang¹,

Fisher²

1999

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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337

252

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Assimilation efficiencies of contaminants from ingested food are critical for understanding chemical accumulation and trophic transfer in aquatic invertebrates. Assimilation efficiency is a first‐order physiological parameter that can be used to systematically compare the bioavailability of different contaminants from different foods. The various techniques used to measure contaminant assimilation efficiencies are reviewed. Pulse‐chase feeding techniques and the application of gamma‐emitting radiotracers have been invaluable in measuring metal assimilation efficiencies in aquatic animals. Uniform radiolabeling of food is required to measure assimilation, but this can be difficult when sediments are the food source. Biological factors that influence contaminant assimilation include food quantity and quality, partitioning of contaminants in the food particles, and digestive physiology of the animals. Other factors influencing assimilation include the behavior of the chemical within the animal's gut and its associations with different geochemical fractions in food particles. Assimilation efficiency is a critical parameter to determine (and to make predictions of) bioaccumulation of chemicals from dietary exposure. Robust estimates of assimilation efficiency coupled with estimates of aqueous uptake can be used to determine the relative importance of aqueous and dietary exposures. For bioaccumulation of metals from sediments, additional studies are required to test whether metals bound to the acid‐volatile sulfide fraction of sediments can be available to benthic deposit‐feeding invertebrates. Most assimilation efficiency studies have focused on chemical transfer in organisms at the bottom of the food chain; additional studies are required to examine chemical transfer at higher trophic levels.

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Trophic transfer of silver to marine herbivores: A review of recent studies

Cited by 44 publications

References 71 publications

Acute silver toxicity in the euryhaline copepod Acartia tonsa: Influence of salinity and food

Acute silver toxicity in the euryhaline copepod Acartia tonsa: Influence of salinity and food

Subcellular controls of silver biokinetics in the green mussel Perna viridis from two hydrographic zones

Assimilation efficiencies of chemical contaminants in aquatic invertebrates: A synthesis

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