Triple-band Slot Antenna Array for Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

An energy harvesting antenna array for wireless sensor applications is presented in this paper. The microstrip line feeding network excites four slots to achieve wireless local-areanetwork (WLAN) 2.4/5.2/5.8 (2.4-2.484/5.15-5.325/5.725-5.825 GHz) bands. The design is printed on a flame retardant 4 (FR4) substrate with thickness of 1.6 mm, permittivity of 4.4, and loss tangent of 0.0245. The overall size of the antenna array is only 60 × 60 × 1.6 mm 3 and, with dual-ports, consists of two antenna arrays; port 1 is designed for a WLAN 2.4 GHz band and port 2 is designed for a WLAN 5.2/5.8 GHz band. The feeding network (electric length = λ g /4) was used to connect the array network and antenna, and for the purpose of in phase excitation, we used microstrip lines (electric length = λ g /2) to adjust the phase difference of these two antenna elements to 180°. Finally, 8 mm above the antenna array, we placed a metal reflector the same size as the antenna to adjust the radiation patterns to the −y direction and to enhance the radiation directivity and gains.

Reconfigurable Antennas for RF Energy Harvesting Application: Current Trends, Challenges, and Solutions from Design Perspective

“…In order to balance the trade-offs [7], microwave antennas are the top-most priority. They are classified as dipole antennas [18][19][20][21], monopole antennas [22][23][24][25], loop antennas [26][27][28][29], slot antennas [30][31][32][33], microstrip antennas [34][35][36][37], Vivaldi antennas [38][39][40][41], and DRAs [42][43][44][45]. Further, the classification is divided into helical antennas [46][47][48][49], Yagi-Uda antennas [50][51][52][53], and log-periodic antennas [54][55][56][57].…”

Microwave antennas—An intrinsic part of RF energy harvesting systems: A contingent study about its design methodologies and state‐of‐art technologies in current scenario

“…Prior to it, complete illustration about the microwave antennas in RF energy harvesting are presented with complete design perspective. A comparative study along with performatory analysis of microwave antennas are presented in Table ; keeping intact with rectenna characteristics: operating frequency, realized gain, polarization diversity, input power levels, and RF‐to‐DC power conversion efficiency, which was not in the scope of review papers for RF energy harvesting available in the open literature. Technically, to pursue clear understanding about tradeoffs of modern RF systems; five different cases of planar antennas (monopole antennas) at different bands with reflector surfaces and integrated with rectifier circuits are designed, simulated and analyzed by using FDTD domain solver (CST microwave studio) and circuit solver (advanced design system).…”

“…The different breeds of microwave antennas in RF energy harvesting are shown in Figure ; it includes the basic form of antennas such as dipole antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, slot antennas, microstrip antennas, Vivaldi antennas, dielectric resonator antennas, helical antennas, Yagi‐Uda antennas, and log‐periodic antennas . The relevant theories of basic forms of antennas are available in open literature .…”

“…Y-shaped monopole antenna with PEC reflector for wideband circular polarization 5. Y-shaped monopole antenna with AMC reflector for broadband circular polarization Dipole Antennas [65][66][67][68][69] Monopole Antennas [70][71][72][73][74] Loop Antennas [75][76][77][78][79] Slot Antennas [80][81][82][83][84] Microstrip Antennas [85][86][87][88][89][90] Vivaldi Antennas [91][92][93][94][95] Dielectric Resonator Antennas [96][97][98][99][100] Helical Antennas [101][102][103] Log-Periodic Antennas [107][108][109] Yagi-Uda Antennas [104][105][106] Basic Antennas Specialized Techniques Based Antennas [143][144][145]…”

Fabrication of Solidified Ionic Liquid with 3D Microstructures and Its Application to Vibration Energy Harvester

“…As an alternative solution to the issues, energy harvesting, which obtains electric power from external energy sources, has attracted considerable attention. (3)(4)(5)(6)(7) Among energy sources, vibration is potentially a more extractable energy than other sources such as sunlight, radio waves, and heat. (3) In addition, as vibration sources exist everywhere, there are various applications of vibration energy harvesting, e.g., wearable devices, maintenance for buildings and gas pipelines, and automotive sensors.…”