Microwave antennas—An intrinsic part of RF energy harvesting systems: A contingent study about its design methodologies and state‐of‐art technologies in current scenario

Abstract

With the significant rise of low power embedded devices in various applications of both consumer and commercial usage, the surge for continuous power requirements has initiated promising research toward alternative sources of energy. It includes the domain of wireless power transmission, internet‐of‐things, wireless sensor nodes, machine‐to‐machine, and radio frequency identification. Thus, the overall scope of this review article is to witness microwave antennas and its implementation in RF energy harvesting system through ambient RF signals. For this reason, unified understanding of classical electromagnetism is needed; beginning with the fundamentals of RF transmission and the exploration of concepts such as Fraunhofer's Distance and Friis Transmission Equation. It is followed up by the analogy of dependency of parameters like circuit build‐up, conversion efficiencies and amount of power harvested, which is quite crucial from the rectifier point‐of‐view. For better improvisement in RF energy harvesting systems, five different cases of monopole antennas are explored with reflector surfaces such as PEC (perfect electrical conductor) and AMC (artificial magnetic conductor) integrated with the rectifier circuit. Implementation with wide diversity has proposed a generalized solution for achieving tradeoffs: polarization and pattern diversity with consistent system efficiency; leads to clean and sustainable energy for low power‐embedded devices.

Characteristics Mode Analysis: A Review of Its Concepts, Recent Trends, State-of-the-Art Developments and Its Interpretation With a Fractal Uwb Mimo Antenna

“…Simulated and measured validations show strong potentials of the proposed MIMO antenna, for the use in multi-disciplinary UWB multi-standard mobile/wireless/sensor ad-hoc diversity systems, which is proved through the comparative analysis with reported ones in [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74], highlighted in Table 7. Besides progressive development in this area, there are still variety of rooms towards the achievement of tradeoffs, targeting contingent research outcomes for RF energy harvesting [75].…”

Investigation of a defected ground structure inspired wideband printed monopole mobile antenna using characteristics mode analysis

“…The fabricated prototype with experimental measurement setup of designed printed monopole antenna with DGS elements are shown in Figure 16. applications [35][36][37][38][39][40] like hybrid wireless cellular communication networks & also, for potential applications like RF energy harvesting.…”

“…is < −15 dB, due to the incorporation of DGS elements. Thus, the below far‐field radiation plots at each discrete frequency points have a radiation diversity, which could be significant for modern RF applications 35–40 like hybrid wireless cellular communication networks & also, for potential applications like RF energy harvesting.…”

Design of Wideband Circular-Slot Antenna for Harvesting RF Energy

“…e ability to handle high electromagnetic (EM) energy is one of the important features of antennae used for the RFEH module [1,2]. RFEH technology has recently piqued the interest of researchers as an additional source of energy that provides an alternative solution to short-life batteries [3,4]. Mobiles phones and other related wireless devices have been penetrating the market since 1980 [1,5].…”