This article features about an ultra-wideband (UWB)-multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) antenna that exhibits the potentials of good port isolation and dualband suppression. The proposed antenna model consists of a unique fractal-shaped radiating patch, a common ground interface leading to the incorporation of an intuitive approach; parasitic inverted neutralization stubs, which is located at the central co-ordinate axis system, protruded vertically, where its extension is twisted with a motive of enhancing the port isolation. In addition to that, contiguous notches are implemented to achieve band-notching at WiMAX (3.35-4.45 GHz) and X-band (9-10 GHz). The total electrical area of UWB MIMO antenna is 0.179(λ 0 ) 2 at 2.25 GHz. To rationalize the counterparts of MIMO and band-notching, diversity performance is studied through the electromagnetic (EM) solver and the corresponding circuit analysis is pursued through a electronic design automation (EDA) solver. The prototype has been fabricated, measured, and agreed well with the simulated results.The feasibility of proposed antenna model is considered to be quite optimum, with due consideration of its outcomes from applications point-of-view. K E Y W O R D S fractal antenna, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), parasitic inverted neutralization stubs (PINS), ultra-wideband (UWB)
In this article, we present a compact and efficient diametrically-fed dual port fractal UWB MIMO antenna for portable handheld wireless devices. The electromagnetic behaviour on conducting body is analyzed through classical approach based characteristics mode analysis (CMA). Their intrinsic characteristics are explored on the basis of (a) modal surface current distributions, (b) narrow/broad bandwidth capability, and (c) radiation potentials. Concurrent analysis is persuaded on a diametricallyfed dual-port fed fractal conducting surface, which provides interesting facets on the combinatory effect of electromagnetic performance and physical behaviour on metallic radiator, metallic ground planes (unconnected/connected) and combination of two aforementioned metallic compact geometries. Theoretical insights are investigated for essential/non-essential modes existing in proposed geometry. The investigation through CMA also gives plethoric information on the feed location of antenna on modal surface currents and similar trends to capture its radiation potentials on the current nulls existing in the physical body. A broad classification of modes is explained, covering the CMA modal dynamics such as (a) characteristics angle (CA), (b) eigenvalues (EV), and (c) modal significance (MS). These additive parameters in general reflect the resemblance of Q-factor ≈ B.W. for narrowband/wideband traits, electrically/magnetically coupled energy behaviour, and radiative potential for far-field propagation. Thus, in a nutshell , it can be concluded that 'CMA provides physically intuitive guidance for the analysis and designing of antenna structures'. To support the findings highlighted in this particular study, a concise review about the theory of characteristic modes and the practical examples that use such concepts are taken into consideration.
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