Triple-Band Loop Antenna for 5G/WLAN Unbroken-Metal-Rimmed Smartwatch

Zou, Huanqing; Li, Yixin; Peng, Mingzhi; Wang, Mingkai; Yang, Guangli

doi:10.1109/apusncursinrsm.2018.8609307

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In size and structure, the planar dimension of the proposed antenna (diameter is 0.3 λ) is smaller than some of designs in references in TABLE 10. The height of proposed antenna (7.5 mm) refers to the size of the general smart watch, unlike antennas in [6], [8], [10], [11] whose heights were not suitable for a watch. In performance, the bandwidth, gain and radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna with hand model are also the highest one, 500 MHz, 4.0 dBi and 62%, respectively.…”

Section: Sar Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of Smartwatch Integrated Antenna With Polarization Diversity

Wang

Yan

2020

IEEE Access

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A design of smartwatch integrated antenna with polarization diversity is proposed. An annular ring is integrated in the framework of smartwatch, and excited by two ports. One port is fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line loaded with a T-shaped matching network, and the other is fed by a coplanar strip line (CPS). The overall model of the proposed antenna has a cylindrical shape with 38 mm diameter and 7.5 mm thickness. A metallic plate is located at the backside of the antenna to mimic the shell of smartwatch. The prototype is fabricated and measured, and the measured results agree well with the numerical ones. The two ports have orthometric radiation patterns and can cover the 2.4 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) band. The gain of the antenna is higher than 3.2 dBi in free space. The proposed antenna is also analyzed with a cubic tissue model and a wrist model in different distances between the proposed antenna and human models. The performances on body scenarios are also acceptable. The values of specific absorption rate (SAR) in the cubic tissue model and wrist model are below the limitations set by both the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) and the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI). Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) shows proposed antenna can be used in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) applications. The influence of battery and printed circuits board assembly (PCBA) on S parameters is obvious, and gain and radiation efficiency are not much affected. INDEX TERMS Wireless body area network (WBAN), wearable antenna, Smartwatch integrated antenna, polarization diversity, cubic tissue model, wrist model, specific absorption rate (SAR), Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC).

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Section: Sar Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polarization diversity [6] Not given Not given No [7] Not given Not given No [8] Not given Not given No [9] Not given Not given No [10] Not given Not given No [11] Not given Not given No [13] 2.79 57% No [15] -0.89 26% No [16] Not given Not given No proposed 4.0 62% Yes…”

Section: Gain At 24 Ghz On Hand Model (Dbi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Smartwatch Integrated Antenna With Polarization Diversity

Wang

Yan

2020

IEEE Access

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“…The antenna gain was not provided and the SAR value was also not calculated, so the actual result on a smart watch was not evaluated. An antenna working at 2.4, 3.4, and 4.9 GHz frequencies were proposed in [20]. The efficiency of the antenna ranged from 67 to 91% for the proposed operating bands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Artificial Magnetic Conductor-Backed Compact Wearable Antenna for Smart Watch IoT Applications

et al. 2021

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Smart watch antenna design is challenging due to the limited available area and the contact with the human body. The strap of smart watch can be utilized effectively for integration of the antenna. In this study, an antenna integrated on a smart watch strap model using computer simulation technology (CST) was designed. The antenna was designed for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency bands at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz. Roger 3003C was used as substrate due to its semi-flexible nature. The antenna size is 28.81 × 19.22 × 1.58 mm3 and it has a gain of 1.03 and 5.97 dB, and efficiency of 80% and 95%, at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz, on the smart watch strap, respectively. A unit cell was designed having a dimension of 19.19 × 19.19 × 1.58 mm3 to mitigate the effect of back radiation and to enhance the gain. The antenna backed by the unit cell exhibited a gain of 2.44 and 6.17 dB with efficiency of 50% and 72% at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The AMC-backed antenna was integrated into a smart watch strap and placed on a human tissue model to study its human proximity effects. The specific absorption rate (SAR) values were calculated to be 0.19 and 1.18 W/kg at the designed ISM frequencies, and are well below the permissible limit set by the FCC and ICINPR. Because the antenna uses flexible material for wearable applications, bending analysis was also undertaken. The indicated results prove that bending along the x- and y-axes has a negligible effect on the antenna’s performance and the antenna showed excellent performance in the human proximity test. The measured results of the fabricated antenna were comparable with the simulated results. Thus, the designed antenna is compact, has high gain, and can be used effectively for wireless IoT applications.

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“…Secondly, curved full display and other components decrease the clearance, or no ground region, to reduce system efficiency. Thirdly, mixed higher order modes inevitably introduce surface current cancellation and more nulls in the radiation patterns [5]. This article discusses a simple and effective decoupling method for two Wi-Fi 2.4GHz MIMO antennas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Orthogonal Decoupling Method of Co-frequency Antennas for Smart Watch Applications

liu

2023

Preprint

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This letter proposes an orthogonal decoupling method for co-frequency MIMO antennas with unbroken metal rim, operating in Wi-Fi 2.4GHz. The decoupling technique just requires two lumped elements between two ports.Two orthogonal surface currents and radiation pattern diversity are obtained. By adding a capacitive and an inductor, with insensitive of matching circuits, it is easy and significant to improve isolation with near 50dB for smart watch antennas. Moreover, forearm causes lower isolated frequency, and has a little effect on impedance matching with the radiation pattern orthogonal to the forearm.

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Triple-Band Loop Antenna for 5G/WLAN Unbroken-Metal-Rimmed Smartwatch

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Design of Smartwatch Integrated Antenna With Polarization Diversity

Design of Smartwatch Integrated Antenna With Polarization Diversity

An Artificial Magnetic Conductor-Backed Compact Wearable Antenna for Smart Watch IoT Applications

An Orthogonal Decoupling Method of Co-frequency Antennas for Smart Watch Applications

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