Trinitrotoluene Nanostructuring by Spray Flash Evaporation Process

Sève, Aymeric; Pichot, Vincent; Schnell, Fabien; Spitzer, Denis

doi:10.1002/prep.201700024

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As for sample 2 (pure HMX synthesized at 4 MPa, 160 8C), the XRD patterns reveal a g phase of the HMX (PDF file n8044-1621). The contribution of orthorhombic TNT phase (Crystallography Open Database n85000107 from [21]) is also present as in work of Seve et al [20]. As expected, it can be clearly seen that the signal of TNT is even more pronounced when the TNT content in the samples is more important.…”

Section: Hmx Compositessupporting

confidence: 71%

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Study of the Elaboration of HMX and HMX Composites by the Spray Flash Evaporation Process

Pichot

Sève

Berthe

et al. 2017

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The Spray Flash Evaporation (SFE) process invented and developed at the NS3E laboratory allows obtaining different nanosized explosives (TNT, RDX, CL‐20…). This process is based on the very fast evaporation of the solvent due to the drastic modification of pressure and temperature leading to the crystallization of the molecules present in solution into nanometric or submicrometric particles. Here, we show the possibility to prepare pure HMX (Octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine) or HMX based composites at the nanoscale using this process. This study mainly focuses on the size, morphology and crystallographic phases obtained for HMX and HMX/TNT composites depending on the experimental conditions (temperature, pressure, solution concentration…) used during the elaboration. For this purpose, the results obtained from scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy are discussed.

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Section: Hmx Compositessupporting

confidence: 71%

“…TNT may play the role of growth inhibitor by surrounding the HMX particles. For low TNT content the size of the particle is getting closer to the size of raw HMX synthesized by SFE and for high TNT content the particles also increase until having the size of TNT particles synthesized by SFE (i. e. few micrometers [20]).…”

Section: Hmx Compositesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Study of the Elaboration of HMX and HMX Composites by the Spray Flash Evaporation Process

Pichot

Sève

Berthe

et al. 2017

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Pristine ADN was not recovered on filters by using acetone as solvent contrary to ethyl or methyl acetate. Molecules with these thermal properties need often to an anchoring to avoid sublimation as previously mentioned for trinitrotoluene (TNT, MP:80 °C [15]). Second, the formation of these core‐shell particles could be explained by the solubility of the compounds in solvent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further strategy to enhance energetic performances and sensitivity thresholds of secondary explosives is the formulation of composite materials. Desensitization of energetic compounds is enabled for instance by combining secondary explosives with polymers [12][13][14], with further secondary explosives [15,16], with metal oxides [17] or with graphite or nanodiamonds [18,19]. The formulation of such composites improves the mechanical stability, and decreases sensitivity against friction, impact and ESD [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Oxygen Balance of Energetic Composites: Crystallization of ADN/Secondary Explosives Mixtures by Spray Flash Evaporation

Lobry

Berthe

Hübner

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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New energetic composites with enhanced reactive performances while allowing the safe handling according to their sensitivity thresholds are presented. This paper combines different approaches: the intimate contact between the compounds, the particle size reduction and the processing of composite materials to maintain the oxygen balance close to zero. The Spray Flash Evaporation process enables the fast crystallization at the submicron scale by combining an oxidizer, ammonium dinitramide ADN and two secondary explosives (RDX and HMX). The morphologies of the particles were analyzed and compared with slow evaporation tests. An intimate mixing between the two components (crystallized by SFE) is highlighted and core‐shell structure is evidenced by advanced techniques such as 2D and 3D confocal Raman microscopy. The composites offer outstanding energetic performances compared to sole explosives. It paves the way to new energetic compositions based on current materials.

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“…To date, trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), ammonium dinitramide (ADN) were prepared by SFE ( Fig. 1) [2,[16][17][18].…”

Section: Preparation Of Fine Explosive Powdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials for Future Defense Applications

Comet

Martin

Schnell

et al. 2019

Hum Factors Mech Eng Def Saf

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The integration of nanostructured materials in defense systems is expected to improve their performance in terms of power, safety, and reliability. That is why considerable research effort has been undertaken by major military powers worldwide in this domain. The first important step was to develop the production capacities of organic explosives in the state of fine powders with submicron to nanosized particle size distributions. The Spray Flash Evaporation (SFE) process, which is a unique method for producing such materials, was developed at industrial scale. Explosive nanopowders obtained by this process were subsequently mixed with nanosized pyrotechnic compositions such as nanothermites, to prepare hybrid detonating materials able to replace lead-based primary explosives. Composite propellants can also be prepared by SFE which allows mixing their components in a single step with better homogeneity. The ultimate challenge is to move from powder to object, in order to integrate energetic nanomaterials in operational systems. Although the research in this last domain is still in its infancy, several ways of preparation of objects from nanothermites have been recently reported in scientific literature. The focus will be on two examples studied in our laboratory. The first one is the preparation of nanothermites in the state of solid, porous foams; the second one is the use of nanothermites for coating grains of propulsive powder to change their combustion properties.

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Trinitrotoluene Nanostructuring by Spray Flash Evaporation Process

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Study of the Elaboration of HMX and HMX Composites by the Spray Flash Evaporation Process

Study of the Elaboration of HMX and HMX Composites by the Spray Flash Evaporation Process

Tuning the Oxygen Balance of Energetic Composites: Crystallization of ADN/Secondary Explosives Mixtures by Spray Flash Evaporation

Energetic Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials for Future Defense Applications

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