Tuning the Oxygen Balance of Energetic Composites: Crystallization of ADN/Secondary Explosives Mixtures by Spray Flash Evaporation

Lobry, Emeline; Berthe, Jean‐Edouard; Hübner, Jakob; Schnell, Fabien; Spitzer, Denis

doi:10.1002/prep.202000090

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…This phenomenon was consistent with the ignition delay time results. The reason for the improvement in the burning intensity by adding ADN is that the energetic salt possesses positive oxygen balance [ 42 ]. From the ignition delay time and combustion flame in the burning process, it can be seen that the combustion performance of NC-based composite fibers can be improved significantly by the addition of ADN.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Electrospinning Prepared Nitrocellulose (NC)-Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN)-Based Composite Fibers

Wang¹,

Xu²,

Deng³

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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Nanoscale composite energetic materials (CEMs) based on oxidizer and fuel have potential advantages in energy adjustment and regulation through oxygen balance (OB) change. The micro- and nanosized fibers based on nano nitrocellulose (NC)-ammonium dinitramide (ADN) were prepared by the electrospinning technique, and the morphology, thermal stability, combustion behaviors, and mechanical sensitivity of the fibers were characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gas pressure measurement of thermostatic decomposition, laser ignition, and sensitivity tests. The results showed that the prepared fibers with fluffy 3D macrostructure were constructed by the overlap of micro/nanofibers with the energetic particles embedded in the NC matrix. The first exothermic peak temperature (Tp) of the samples containing ADN decreased by 10.1 °C at most compared to that of ADN, and the pressure rise time of all the samples containing ADN moved forward compared to that of the sample containing NC only. Furthermore, ADN can decrease the ignition delay time of NC-based fibers under atmosphere at room temperature from 33 ms to 9 ms and can enhance the burning intensity of NC-based fibers under normal pressure. In addition, compared to the single high explosive CL-20 or RDX, the mechanical sensitivities of the composite materials containing high explosive CL-20 or RDX were much decreased. The positive oxygen balance of ADN and the intensive interactions between ADN and NC can reduce the ignition delay time and promote the burning reaction intensity of NC-based composite fibers, while the mechanical sensitivities of composite fibers could be improved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Electrospinning Prepared Nitrocellulose (NC)-Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN)-Based Composite Fibers

Wang¹,

Xu²,

Deng³

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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“…Oxygen balance: Oxygen balance is defined as the amount of oxygen in default or in excess with regard to what is required for a completed combustion, and it is important indicator to determine the potential of an energetic material mostly explosives and oxidants, which require a positive oxygen balance, but the default in oxygen balance in these latter could be covered by binders or fuel that have excess of oxygen in their formulations. 42,43 As seen in Table 2, the oxygen balance of DNPH-Bz is superior to that of SC-Bz and almost akin to that of GAP-diol. What is more, the oxygen balance of the synthesized polymers could be enhanced by the nitration of the polymer backbone without amending the neither the sensibility nor the stability of the modified polymer.…”

Section: Calorific Powermentioning

confidence: 94%

Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-rich polybenzoxazines for energetic applications

Abdous

Derradji

Mehelli

et al. 2022

High Performance Polymers

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In a vision to develop new synthetic routes for the preparation of energetic materials, two new energetic benzoxazine monomers were synthesized via a two-step Mannich reaction process involving the incorporation of nitrogen–nitrogen bonds and explosophore groups (NO2) into the monomer backbone. The molecular structures of the synthesized monomers were confirmed by 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared and elemental analysis techniques. The curing behavior and the degradation phenomena were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetric analysis analyses. The two monomers showed two distinct exothermic peaks related to the polymerization and degradation phases. The energetic performances were evaluated by determining the heat of combustion and formation using a bomb calorimeter, in an oxygen atmosphere. The results indicated that the 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine–based benzoxazine has better energetic properties than the phenylsemicarbazide-based benzoxazine, and the two developed polymers showed comparable performances with nitrocellulose and glycid azide polymer. Overall, this study has demonstrated that the ease of synthesis of the benzoxazine resins via Mannich reaction can be further extended to the energetic field and further research is undergoing to fully unravel the potential of these exceptional materials.

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“…Lobry et al [ 90 ] reported an innovative work on the spray flash evaporation of an oxidizer ammonium dinitramide (ADN) on two secondary explosives RDX and HMX. A liquid solution containing ADN and explosive was superheated in atomization chamber.…”

Section: Preparation Methods For Csesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Art of Framework Construction: Core–Shell Structured Micro-Energetic Materials

Duan¹,

Li²,

Hu³

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Weak interfacial interactions remain a bottleneck for composite materials due to their weakened performance and restricted applications. The development of core–shell engineering shed light on the preparation of compact and intact composites with improved interfacial interactions. This review addresses how core–shell engineering has been applied to energetic materials, with emphasis upon how micro-energetic materials, the most widely used particles in the military field, can be generated in a rational way. The preparation methods of core–shell structured explosives (CSEs) developed in the past few decades are summarized herein. Case studies on polymer-, explosive- and novel materials-based CSEs are presented in terms of their compositions and physical properties (e.g., thermal stability, mechanical properties and sensitivity). The mechanisms behind the dramatic and divergent properties of CSEs are also clarified. A glimpse of the future in this area is given to show the potential for CSEs and some suggestions regarding the future research directions are proposed.

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Tuning the Oxygen Balance of Energetic Composites: Crystallization of ADN/Secondary Explosives Mixtures by Spray Flash Evaporation

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Characterization of Electrospinning Prepared Nitrocellulose (NC)-Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN)-Based Composite Fibers

Characterization of Electrospinning Prepared Nitrocellulose (NC)-Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN)-Based Composite Fibers

Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-rich polybenzoxazines for energetic applications

The Art of Framework Construction: Core–Shell Structured Micro-Energetic Materials

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