“…Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a compound that is generated by a two-step process by both the host and by gut microbiota, is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Dietary L-carnitine, choline, and lecithin are converted to trimethylamine by the TMA-generating lyase (CutC/D) of gut microbiota, especially Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, then host flavin-containing monoamine oxidases (FMO) are responsible for the conversion to TMAO (Rath, Heidrich, Pieper, & Vital, 2017;Velasquez, Ramezani, Manal, & Raj, 2016). Plasma TMAO concentration is positively correlated to the mortality risk in patients with stable coronary artery disease, carotid intima-media thickness in obese individuals or patients with thrombosis risk (Kiouptsi & Reinhardt, 2018;Randrianarisoa et al, 2016;Senthong et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2016).…”