Influence of Early Life, Diet, and the Environment on the Microbiome

Dong, Tien S.; Gupta, Abha R.

doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2018.08.067

Cited by 150 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…[49][50][51] Other factors such as age, history of respiratory tract and/or allergic diseases, eradication therapy implementation level also showed both positive and negative correlation, supporting suggestions of other researchers. 51 Additionally,…”

Section: Influence Of Eradication Therapy On the Gut Microbiomesupporting

confidence: 80%

Lack of significant differences between gastrointestinal tract microbial population structure of Helicobacter pylori‐infected subjects before and 2 years after a single eradication event

et al. 2020

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Background According to recent estimates 80% of Latvian population is infected with Helicobacter pylori thus their susceptibility to numerous gastric tract diseases is increased. The 1st line H. pylori eradication therapy includes treatment with clarithromycin in combination with amoxicillin or metronidazole and a proton pump inhibitor. However, potential adverse events caused by such therapies to microbiome are insufficiently studied. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term effect of H. pylori eradication on human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome. Methods The assessment of H pylori eradication impact on GIT microbiome was done by analyzing 120 samples acquired from 60 subjects. Each individual was prescribed the following 10‐day eradication regimen: Esomeprazolum 40 mg, Clarithromycinum 500 mg, and Amoxicillinum 1000 mg, BID. Samples from each individual were collected before starting H pylori eradication therapy, and 2 years after the completion of the therapy in OC‐Sensor (Eiken Chemical Co.) sample collection containers and stored at −86°C. Prior to DNA extraction, the samples were lyophilized, and total DNA was extracted using FastDNA Spin Kit for Soil. 16S V3 rRNA gene sequencing was done employing Ion Torrent PGM, and the obtained raw sequences were analyzed using vsearch and R (phyloseq, cluster packages). Results Alpha diversity measurements—observed OTUs, Chao1 and Shannon index did not differ significantly between the pre‐ and post‐eradication states (two‐tailed paired t test: P = .95; P = .71, P = .24, respectively). Unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances of beta diversity analysis indicated a non‐specific pattern of sample clustering. Enterotype shift was observed for the majority of individuals comparing pre‐ and post‐eradication study groups. Association analysis revealed that certain bacterial genera significantly correlated with age (eg, Dialister, Paraprevotella, Bifidobacterium), individual (eg, Thermotunica, Streptomyces, Faecalibacterium), and history of respiratory and/or allergic diseases (eg, Colinsella, Faecalibacterium). Redundancy analysis confirmed that the individual was a significant determinant of the subject's microbial community composition (ANOVA, 999 perm., P = .001) with the further lower impact of subject‐specific medical history (eg, medication used as prescribed: P = .005, history of cardiovascular diseases: P = .005, history of respiratory, and/or allergic diseases: P = .015) and physiological (eg, age: P = .005, gender: P = .02) parameters. In the post‐eradication study group, number of influential genera (n = 260) was increased compared to the pre‐eradication study group (n = 209). Conclusion Modest global differences at the community level exist between individuals before and after the eradication therapy; however, the microbiome structure is more related to the subject‐specific parameters rather than by the eradication therapy itself.

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Section: Influence Of Eradication Therapy On the Gut Microbiomesupporting

confidence: 80%

Lack of significant differences between gastrointestinal tract microbial population structure of Helicobacter pylori‐infected subjects before and 2 years after a single eradication event

et al. 2020

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“…Apart from host genetics, a number of endogenous and exogenous factors shape microbial communities in the gut. These include dietary and alcohol intake, smoking, sex and hormonal cycles, diurnal variation, physical activity, and xenobiotic exposure (including antibiotics) …”

Section: Factors That Shape the Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(35) Apart from host genetics, a number of endogenous and exogenous factors shape microbial communities in the gut. These include dietary and alcohol intake, (43,44) smoking, (45,46) sex and hormonal cycles, (47) diurnal variation, (48) physical activity, (49) and xenobiotic exposure (including antibiotics). (22,50) A combined analysis of large patient cohorts from three continents (Europe, Asia, and North America) revealed country-specific microbial signatures, suggesting that culture and geographic location significantly impact the gut microbiome composition and functional genes it encodes.…”

Section: Factors That Shape the Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbial Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2018

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The gut microbiome, the multispecies community of microbes that exists in the gastrointestinal tract, encodes several orders of magnitude more functional genes than the human genome. It also plays a pivotal role in human health, in part due to metabolism of environmental, dietary, and host‐derived substrates, which produce bioactive metabolites. Perturbations to the composition and associated metabolic output of the gut microbiome have been associated with a number of chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we review the rapidly evolving suite of next‐generation techniques used for studying gut microbiome composition, functional gene content, and bioactive products and discuss relationships with the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

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“…Later in life the microbiome has an important role in reducing chronic disease and preventing obesity [112,113]. Breastfeeding has a very important role in the establishment of a healthy microbiome [114]. If antibiotics are given to treat infections, especially if repeatedly, this can change the microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding and the Risk of Infant Illness in Asia: A Review

Lee

Binns

2019

IJERPH

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Infancy remains the most vulnerable period of human life for death, illness, and establishing a lifetime trajectory of growth and health. It is estimated that there are 5.3 million deaths under five years of age worldwide and approximately 800,000 lives could be saved by improving breastfeeding rates and duration. In Asia, an estimated 300,000–350,000 child deaths could be prevented with optimal breastfeeding and the majority would be under 12 months of age. We present a systematic review of studies of infection and breastfeeding in infants in Asia and further review interactions of selected infectious diseases and breastfeeding. Initially, 2459 records of possible interest were identified, 153 full text papers were reviewed in detail, and 13 papers describing diarrhoeal disease and/or acute respiratory tract infection were selected for inclusion in the review. Additional papers were selected to discuss specific diseases and their relationship to breastfeeding. The review found that a variety of methods were used with differing definitions of breastfeeding and diseases. Overall, breastfeeding when compared to the use of infant formula, is associated with significantly lower rates of diarrhoeal disease and lower respiratory tract infection, with a reduction of 50% or more to be expected, especially in infants under six months of age. The relationship between breastfeeding and specific diseases including measles and HTLV1 were reviewed. Breastfeeding reduces some disease rates, but there remain a few conditions where breastfeeding may be contra-indicated.

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Influence of Early Life, Diet, and the Environment on the Microbiome

Cited by 150 publications

References 125 publications

Lack of significant differences between gastrointestinal tract microbial population structure of Helicobacter pylori‐infected subjects before and 2 years after a single eradication event

Lack of significant differences between gastrointestinal tract microbial population structure of Helicobacter pylori‐infected subjects before and 2 years after a single eradication event

Gut Microbial Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Breastfeeding and the Risk of Infant Illness in Asia: A Review

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