Breastfeeding and the Risk of Infant Illness in Asia: A Review

Lee, Mi Kyung; Binns, Colin

doi:10.3390/ijerph17010186

Cited by 43 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Breastfeeding is known to provide both short-term and long-term benefits to infants, mothers and the society in general [ 1 , 2 ]. Both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Chinese Ministry of Health recommend that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life to achieve optimal growth, development and health [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WeChat-based intervention to support breastfeeding for Chinese mothers: protocol of a randomised controlled trial

Tang

Lee

Binns

et al. 2020

BMC Med Inform Decis Mak

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Background Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is the optimal way to feed infants. However, recent studies suggest that exclusive breastfeeding rates in China remain low and are well below the recommended target. There has been evidence that a lack of awareness of, or exposure to, breastfeeding information is associated with poor breastfeeding practices. WeChat, the most widely used social networking platform in China, has shown some potential to promote health behaviours. We thus hypothesised that a breastfeeding intervention program delivered via WeChat would achieve at least a 10% increase in exclusive breastfeeding prevalence at 6 months compared to the control group. Methods A two-arm, parallel, multicentre randomised controlled trial of 1000 pregnant women will be conducted at four maternity hospitals of Chengdu, China. Eligible women who consent to participate in the trial will be recruited at 28–30 weeks of gestation, and randomly allocated to either the intervention group (participants receive breastfeeding-related information from WeChat) or the control group (participants receive non-breastfeeding information from WeChat) using a central randomisation system on a 1:1 ratio at each participating site. The primary outcomes are exclusive breastfeeding rate and full breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum. All randomised participants will be included in the outcome analyses with missing data being imputed based on the best-case and worst-case scenarios. Multilevel mixed regression models will be used in the primary analyses to assess the effectiveness of intervention program on the breastfeeding rates. Discussion This trial uses the most widely used social media program as a means of delivering messages to mothers to increase exclusive breastfeeding in China. Increasing exclusive breastfeeding will contribute to meeting the health and environmental goals of the Sustainable Development Guidelines. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04499404. Registered 5 August 2020—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04499404

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WeChat-based intervention to support breastfeeding for Chinese mothers: protocol of a randomised controlled trial

Tang

Lee

Binns

et al. 2020

BMC Med Inform Decis Mak

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“…Mothers will be excluded if they meet any of the following criteria: being referred from other hospitals for high-risk pregnancy treatments; receiving advice from doctors against breastfeeding because of her health condition (e.g., positive T-cell lymphotropic virus, untreated brucellosis, varicella, H1N1 influenza) [ 111 ]; where an infant is born with a birth weight of less than 2500, or is admitted to neonatal intensive care unit, the mother will continue receiving information from the app, but will be excluded from the analysis; if the infant has any of the infections or metabolic conditions as advised by the WHO or the Ministry of Health, where breastfeeding is contraindicated [ 11 , 112 ]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are around 5 million deaths annually of children under 5 years of age and it is estimated that increasing breastfeeding rates to recommended levels could save 823,000 children’s lives annually [ 1 ]. A recent review confirmed the importance of breastfeeding in protecting against many infections; compared to infants given formula, there are significantly lower rates of diarrhoeal disease and lower respiratory tract infection, with a reduction of 50% or more to be expected, especially in infants under six months of age [ 11 , 12 ]. Exclusive breastfeeding is important for establishing a healthy microbiome, which has an important protective effect against chronic disease later in life, including obesity [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Breastfeeding by Empowering Mothers in Vietnam: A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Mobile App

Duong

Binns

Pham

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Breastfeeding provides benefits to the infant and mother; however, the rates of breastfeeding, particularly exclusive breastfeeding, remain below optimal levels in many Asian countries. The aim of this study is to review the benefits of breastfeeding to mothers and infants and current rates of breastfeeding in Vietnam, and to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile application on exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Vietnam. A two-arm, parallel triple-blinded randomised controlled trial will be conducted among 1000 mothers in Hanoi City, Vietnam, during 2020–2021. Eligible participants are pregnant women who will seek antenatal care from health facilities at 24–36 weeks of gestation and plan to deliver at two participating hospitals, own a smartphone, and carry a singleton foetus. Permuted-block randomisation method stratified by maternal age, education and parity will be used to ensure an equal number of participants in each group. A smartphone app will be developed to deliver breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding information to the intervention and control group, respectively. Data will be collected at baseline, before hospital discharge, and at 1, 4, and 6 months postpartum. This study envisages demonstrating whether a smartphone-based intervention can be effective at improving breastfeeding in Vietnam. Trials registration: ACTRN12619000531112.

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“…According to the World Health Organization, mothers should breastfeed infants exclusively for at least 6 months [1]. Infants benefit from breastfeeding, both in the short-term in terms of a reduced incidence and mortality rate of infectious diseases and in the long-term in terms of a reduced risk of adult obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other metabolic diseases [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns and their association with breast milk macronutrient composition among lactating women

Huang

2020

Int Breastfeed J

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Backgroud: Breast milk is the optimal food for infant growth and development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between breast milk macronutrient composition with dietary pattern among lactating women. Methods: A total of 220 lactating women from 2011 to 2012 in Changsha, a city of south-central China, was recruited using a multi-stage sampling method. Breast milk was collected, and the protein, fat, lactose, total dry matter, and energy contents of breast milk were measured. A 24 h recall method on three consecutive days was used to collect the dietary information of lactating women and an exploratory factor analysis was performed was to identify dietary patterns. The association between the concentration of a breast milk component and dietary pattern was assessed using a multivariable linear regression model. Results: Three major dietary patterns were classified. Lactating women with dietary pattern 1 mainly ate fresh vegetables and fresh legumes. Those with dietary pattern 2 mainly ate red meat, cereals and eggs, and those with dietary pattern 3 mainly ate fungi and algae, dries legumes and soy milk. Pattern 2 was positively associated with the concentration of protein (B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.00, 0.15), total dry matter (B = 0.20, 95% CI 0.02, 0.38) and energy (B = 1.66, 95% CI 0.03, 3.30) in breast milk. Morever, lactation period was negatively associated with the protein and total dry matter concentrations and positively associated with lactose. Conclusions: The results show the lactation period was an important factor affecting milk composition and a dietary pattern with high intake of red meat, cereals, and eggs was associated with higher protein, total dry matter, and energy contents in breast milk. These findings show that the dietary patterns of lactating women can affect breast milk macronutrient composition and provide a foundation for improving child health.

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Breastfeeding and the Risk of Infant Illness in Asia: A Review

Cited by 43 publications

References 105 publications

WeChat-based intervention to support breastfeeding for Chinese mothers: protocol of a randomised controlled trial

WeChat-based intervention to support breastfeeding for Chinese mothers: protocol of a randomised controlled trial

Improving Breastfeeding by Empowering Mothers in Vietnam: A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Mobile App

Dietary patterns and their association with breast milk macronutrient composition among lactating women

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