Triglyceride–methanol Microemulsions

Schwab, A. W.; Pryde, E. H.

doi:10.1080/01932698508943970

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Results from this study show that unsaturated PO L is relatively more favored in forming homogeneous (isotropic) solutions than either the saturated CPO and RBD PO. Similar results have been reported by Schwab and Pryde, 6 and Schwab et al 8 for highly unsaturated soybean, sunower and sesame oils, where large isotropic regions were produced. The relatively free movement of the component mixture in the less viscous medium, unsaturated PO L , might enhance the solubilization process (viscosity of PO L is 56.3 cP compared with 100 cP for PO at 30°C 11 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…4,7,8 Re®ned, bleached and deodorized palm oil (RBD PO), CPO and RBD palm olein (PO L ), are relatively saturated (iodine-value (IV), less than 59) 9 compared with soybean (IV 130) and sun¯ower (IV 136) oils, which have been extensively investigated for use as a biodiesel. 4,6 Therefore, these palm oil products will exhibit different patterns in the isotropic region when mixed with fuel extenders and alkanols. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the isotropic regions formed by the association of palm oil products (CPO, PO or PO L ), alkanols (C 4 ±C 12 ) and fuel extenders (methanol and ethanol).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their solubility can be increased substantially when a suitable amphiphilic compound (surfactant and co-surfactant) is added to the system. 5,6 Schwab and Pryde 6 examined the effect of medium-chain alkanols (C 4 ±C 14 ) on the solubility of methanol in triolein and soybean oil. Dunn et al 7 and, Dunn and Bagby 4 have studied amphiphile systems consisting of fatty alcohols and mixed fatty alcohol/alkanol, respectively for solubilization of methanol in triolein and soybean oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Solubilization of methanol in triglyceride oils, promoted by alkanols or mixed fatty alcohol/alkanol amphiphile, however, occurred via a co-solvency process rather than as a microemulsion. 4,6 A microemulsion was formed only after water was added to the solubilized system. 6 A nonaqueous microemulsion could also be formed with the amphiphile (alkanol), but under limited conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,6 A microemulsion was formed only after water was added to the solubilized system. 6 A nonaqueous microemulsion could also be formed with the amphiphile (alkanol), but under limited conditions. 4,7,8 Re®ned, bleached and deodorized palm oil (RBD PO), CPO and RBD palm olein (PO L ), are relatively saturated (iodine-value (IV), less than 59) 9 compared with soybean (IV 130) and sun¯ower (IV 136) oils, which have been extensively investigated for use as a biodiesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solubilization of methanol and ethanol in palm oil stabilized by medium‐ and long‐chain alkanols

Dzulkefly

Lim²,

Suhaimi

et al. 2002

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Solubilization of methanol and ethanol in crude palm oil, re®ned, bleached and deodorized palm oil (RBD PO) and RBD palm olein (PO L ) was studied using medium-and long-chain alkanols (C 4 ±C 12 ). Ternary phase diagrams were constructed to determine the solubilization (isotropic) region. The results showed that methanol and ethanol are solubilized to a greater extent in an unsaturated palm olein than the saturated CPO and RBD PO in the presence of long-chain alkanols. The minima of the solubilization curves for dodecanol, decanol and octanol were 27%, 30% and 33% of alkanol respectively in the methanol system, whereas in the ethanol system, the minima for the same alkanols were found at 22%, 24% and 27%. The longer chain-length alkanol (dodecanol) requires a lesser amount (21% and 32%) to achieve miscibility compared with 53% and 57% for butanol in mixtures containing 70:30 and 50:50 wt ratios respectively. The kinematic viscosity of the isotropic solutions increases with the chain-length and percentage of alkanols. Solubilization using a PO L /methanol/ butanol system signi®cantly reduced the kinematic viscosity of PO L from 72.7 mm 2 s À1 to the value allowable for No 2 diesel fuel (1.9±4.1 mm 2 s À1) or about a 96% reduction from the initial kinematic viscosity of PO L .

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Solubilization of methanol and ethanol in palm oil stabilized by medium‐ and long‐chain alkanols

Dzulkefly

Lim²,

Suhaimi

et al. 2002

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Solubilization of methanol and triglycerides: Unsaturated long‐chain fatty alcohol/medium‐chain alkanol mixed amphiphile systems

Dunn

Bagby

1994

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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This work examines the suitability of unsaturated C18 fatty alcohol/1-alkanol mixed amphiphile systems as solubility enhancers for methanol in triglyceride solutions. Four fatty alcohols (all-cis monoene, diene and triene, and all-trans diene) and five alkanols (C4-C12) were investigated. Effects of the degree of unsaturation and configuration of the double bonds in the fatty alcohol tailgroup and the chainlength of the alkanol tailgroup were examined. Ternary equilibrium diagrams showed that addition of fatty alcohol/alkanol amphiphiles dramatically affect miscibility between methanol and triglyceride. Solubility, kinematic and relative viscosity, and refractive index data were analyzed to determine mechanisms responsible for the apparent solubilization effects. Under most experimental conditions, formation of large micellar aggregates of amphiphiles was unlikely, and the results were consistent with those expected for co-solvency. However, some viscosity and refractive index data showed that formation of large methanol-in-amphiphile aggregates resembling a nonaqueous microemulsion was feasible, but under limited conditions.

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Transesterification processes for vegetable oils: A simple control method of methyl ester content

Filippis

Giavarini

Scarsella

et al. 1995

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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One of the main problems in the study or industrial application of transesterification processes for vegetable oils is how to measure the methyl ester content. In this work, a quick analytical method was developed for assessing the methyl ester content of purified "fuel grade" transesterification products by applying a simple correlation with viscosity. The correlation was tested on a wide range of samples with various methyl ester contents; the results were in agreement with the values measured by gas-chromatographic analysis. In a defined range of weight fractions the correlation allows for the determination of the methyl ester content of purified transesterification products by a single viscosity measurement. This method is especially suitable for process control purposes as it determines the methyl ester content quickly and simply.JAOCS 72, 1399-1404 (1995).KEY WORDS: Density measurement, diesel oil substitute, esterification, methyl ester density, methyl ester determination, EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURESIn order to have samples with various degrees of purity, a number of transesterification reactions were caaa'ied out in the laboratory. The soybean oils used for transesteri;fication reactions were refined, edible-grade oils. Methanol, HPLC-grade (Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), was used without further purification. These oils exhibited an average saponification number of 192, iodine number of 133, and an acid number of 0.06. Karl Fischer titration before use gave values <0.15% water. Reagent-grade sodium hydroxide was used as a catalyst.In order to determine the FAME and glyceride content of the transesterification products, sample preparation and GLC

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Triglyceride–methanol Microemulsions

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Solubilization of methanol and ethanol in palm oil stabilized by medium‐ and long‐chain alkanols

Solubilization of methanol and ethanol in palm oil stabilized by medium‐ and long‐chain alkanols

Solubilization of methanol and triglycerides: Unsaturated long‐chain fatty alcohol/medium‐chain alkanol mixed amphiphile systems

Transesterification processes for vegetable oils: A simple control method of methyl ester content

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