Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in a Premature Newborn

Smith, Lynne M.; Wang, Michelle; Zangwill, Kenneth M.; Yeh, Sylvia H.

doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7210714

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Vertical transmission of T . vaginalis has been documented, but is considered uncommon 20–22 . As expected, the depth of sequencing achieved for the targeted Mycoplasma , estimated at ~80-fold average coverage (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii replicates, diversifies, and co-occurs with Trichomonas vaginalis in the oral cavity of a premature infant

Costello

Sun

Carlisle

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Genital mycoplasmas, which can be vertically transmitted, have been implicated in preterm birth, neonatal infections, and chronic lung disease of prematurity. Our prior work uncovered 16S rRNA genes belonging to a novel, as-yet-uncultivated mycoplasma (lineage ‘Mnola’) in the oral cavity of a premature neonate. Here, we characterize the organism’s associated community, growth status, metabolic potential, and population diversity. Sequencing of genomic DNA from the infant’s saliva yielded 1.44 Gbp of high-quality, non-human read data, from which we recovered three essentially complete (including ‘Mnola’) and three partial draft genomes (including Trichomonas vaginalis). The completed 629,409-bp ‘Mnola’ genome (Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii str. UC-B3) was distinct at the strain level from its closest relative, vaginally-derived Ca. M. girerdii str. VCU-M1, which is also associated with T. vaginalis. Replication rate measurements indicated growth of str. UC-B3 within the infant. Genes encoding surface-associated proteins and restriction-modification systems were especially diverse within and between strains. In UC-B3, the population genetic underpinnings of phase variable expression were evident in vivo. Unique among mycoplasmas, Ca. M. girerdii encodes pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase and may be sensitive to metronidazole. This study reveals a metabolically unique mycoplasma colonizing a premature neonate, and establishes the value of genome-resolved metagenomics in tracking phase variation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii replicates, diversifies, and co-occurs with Trichomonas vaginalis in the oral cavity of a premature infant

Costello

Sun

Carlisle

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Trichomoniasis is associated with vaginitis, cervecitis, dysuria, and urethritis, and is a risk factor for herpes simplex virus type 2 infection, human immunodeficiency virus transmission and acquisition, and possibly pelvic inflammatory disease and cervical neoplasia 5–10 . Trichomonas infection in pregnant women increases the incidence of preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight infants, and can be transmitted to neonates during passage through the birth canal 11–13. In men, trichomoniasis is a cause of chronic prostatitis and non-gonococcal urethritis 14.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates Determined by EcoRI Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of Heat-Shock Protein 70 Genes

Meade¹,

Cleary²,

Secor³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using a multilocus heat-inducible cytoplasmic heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) hybridization probe with EcoRI-digested genomic DNA was used in molecular typing of 129 Trichomonas vaginalis isolates. Results indicate that Trichomonas organisms exhibit considerable polymorphism in their Hsp70 RFLP patterns. Analysis of seven American Type Culture Collection reference strains and 122 clinical isolates, including 84 isolates from Jackson, Mississippi, 18 isolates from Atlanta, Georgia, and 20 isolates from throughout the United States, showed 105 distinct Hsp70 RFLP pattern subtypes for Trichomonas. Phylogenetic analysis of the Hsp70 RFLP data showed that the T. vaginalis isolates were organized into two clonal lineages. These results illustrate the substantial genomic diversity present in T. vaginalis and indicate that a large number of genetically distinct Trichomonas isolates may be responsible for human trichomoniasis in the United States.

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“…Interestingly, the successful treatment of T. vaginalis infection in pregnant women at the mid gestation point does not prevent this subsequent preterm delivery (Klebanoff et al, 2001). Neonatal genital and nasopharyngeal infections have been reported, with transmission thought to occur during birth (Smith et al, 2002).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomonas vaginalis: Clinical relevance, pathogenicity and diagnosis

Edwards

Burke

Smalley

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

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Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiological agent of trichomoniasis, the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. Trichomoniasis is a widespread, global health concern, and occurring at an increasing rate. Infections of the female genital tract can cause a range of symptoms, including vaginitis and cervicitis, whilst infections in males are generally asymptomatic. The relatively mild symptoms, and lack of evidence for any serious sequelae, have historically led to this disease being under diagnosed, and under researched. However, growing evidence that T. vaginalis infection is associated with disease states with high morbidity in both men and women has increased the efforts to diagnose and treat patients harbouring this parasite. The pathology of trichomoniasis results from damage to the host epithelia, caused by a variety of processes during infection, and recent work has highlighted the complex interactions between the parasite and host, commensal microbiome, and accompanying symbionts. The commercial release of a number of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) has added to the available diagnostic options. Immunoassay based Point of Care testing is currently available, and a recent initial evaluation of a NAAT Point of Care system has given promising results, which would enable testing and treatment in a single visit.

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Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in a Premature Newborn

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii replicates, diversifies, and co-occurs with Trichomonas vaginalis in the oral cavity of a premature infant

Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii replicates, diversifies, and co-occurs with Trichomonas vaginalis in the oral cavity of a premature infant

Genetic Diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates Determined by EcoRI Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of Heat-Shock Protein 70 Genes

Trichomonas vaginalis: Clinical relevance, pathogenicity and diagnosis

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