Genetic Diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates Determined by EcoRI Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of Heat-Shock Protein 70 Genes

Abstract

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using a multilocus heat-inducible cytoplasmic heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) hybridization probe with EcoRI-digested genomic DNA was used in molecular typing of 129 Trichomonas vaginalis isolates. Results indicate that Trichomonas organisms exhibit considerable polymorphism in their Hsp70 RFLP patterns. Analysis of seven American Type Culture Collection reference strains and 122 clinical isolates, including 84 isolates from Jackson, Mississippi, 18 isolates from Atlanta, Georgia, and 20 isolates from throughout the United States, showed 105 distinct Hsp70 RFLP pattern subtypes for Trichomonas. Phylogenetic analysis of the Hsp70 RFLP data showed that the T. vaginalis isolates were organized into two clonal lineages. These results illustrate the substantial genomic diversity present in T. vaginalis and indicate that a large number of genetically distinct Trichomonas isolates may be responsible for human trichomoniasis in the United States.

Genetic Characterization of Trichomonas vaginalis Isolates by Use of Multilocus Sequence Typing

“…Moreover, the two clades and populations identified by these different methods were identical to each other. These results are in agreement with previous results obtained in our laboratory using RFLP and with microsatellite results obtained by other laboratories (10,11,15,39). The microsatellite studies indicated that the two populations were almost always present in nearly equal frequencies worldwide (11).…”

“…These data are in agreement with other genetic typing methods used by our laboratory and others (10,15,39,50,60). Although the average nucleotide diversity of 0.0035 differences/site is lower than some pathogenic bacteria (13), it is higher than that of its human hosts (31).…”

Kinetics of Serum and Local Leukotriene B<sub>4</sub> Response in Experimental Intravaginal Trichomoniasis by <i>T. vaginalis</i> Isolates from Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Women

“…The existence of two types of T. vaginalis strains, each differing in its morphological features and intrinsic virulence factors has been reported [5] [6]. Previous studies classify T. vaginalis isolates according to isoenzyme patterns [27], restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis [28] and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis [29]. However, they show contrasting data.…”

Determination of Trichomonas vaginalis Genotypes Using PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)

“…Trichomoniasis tanısında ve epidemiyolojik çalışmalarda molekü-ler yöntemlerin kullanılması T. vaginalis izolatları arasında genetik uzaklık, enfeksiyon kaynaklarının belirlenmesinde büyük aşamalar kat edilmesini sağlamıştır (9). Bu çalışmalarda PZR-Tek Zincir Konformosyonel Polimorfizm (PZR-SSCP), PZR-Restriksiyon Parça Uzunluk Polimorfizmi (RFLP), Çoklu Lokus Sekans Tiplendirme (MLST), mikrosatellit analizi gibi yöntemler kullanılmıştır (10)(11)(12).…”

“…Birçok çalışmada T. vaginalis'in oldukça polimorfik bir genoma sahip olduğu bildirmiştir. Meade ve ark., T. vaginalis'in Hsp70 geninin RFLP paternlerine göre yüksek seviyede polimorfizm gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur (9). Metronidazole karşı direnç mekanizmasının bir veya birkaç mutasyon sonucu ortaya çıktığı düşünülmektedir.…”