Trichilemmal carcinoma of scalp masquerading as squamous cell carcinoma: A report of a rare case with histogenesis and literature review

BackgroundTrichilemmal carcinoma (TLC) is a rare malignant cutaneous adnexal neoplasm, with no relatively comprehensive research.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to perform an updated statistical analysis so as to better understand TLC’s epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.MethodsThe diagnosis and treatment of three TLC cases in our department were summarized. Then, all TLC cases published in the literature were retrieved for a comprehensive analysis, followed by the analysis of global trends and regional distribution, demographic characteristics, clinical features, pathogenesis, histopathological features, and treatment and prognosis of TLC.ResultsOf the 231 cases, the incidence of TLC has shown an upward trend recently, especially in China, in Asia. The susceptible population is men aged 60–80 and women over 80, and the most prone location is head and neck. The phenotype of TLC is not always typical and may be misdiagnosed because of the coexistence of other diseases. There is a linear relationship between the diameter and its duration or thickness. UV, locally present skin lesions, trauma, scarring, organ transplantation, and genetic disorders may trigger the occurrence of TLC. Periodic acid–Schiff staining and CD34, but not Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA), were helpful in the diagnosis of TLC. Although effective, surgical excision and Mohs micrographic surgery need further improvement to reduce recurrence of TLC. Carcinoma history is an independent risk factor for TLC recurrence.LimitationsThe limitation of this study is the lack of randomized controlled trial on TLC treatment and recurrence.ConclusionTLC has the possibility of invasive growth and recurrence, especially in patients with longer duration and carcinoma history.

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Trichilemmal carcinoma masquerading as a sebaceous cyst - A rare case report

Ingale,

Garg,

Gurwale

et al. 2023

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics

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Trichilemmal carcinoma (TC) is a rare, malignant, cutaneous adnexal neoplasm derived from the external root sheath of hair follicle, commonly seen in elderly males in the seventh to ninth decade. It commonly affects the sun-exposed areas and has an indolent course. We report a case of TC in which a 67-year-old female presented with a swelling on the scalp, which was misdiagnosed as a case of sebaceous cyst. The patient underwent excision and based on histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry, the diagnosis of TC was obtained.

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Trichilemmal carcinoma of scalp masquerading as squamous cell carcinoma: A report of a rare case with histogenesis and literature review

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Trichilemmal carcinoma in an unexposed area of the nose: A case report

Trichilemmal carcinoma in an unexposed area of the nose: A case report

Systematic analysis and case series of the diagnosis and management of trichilemmal carcinoma

Trichilemmal carcinoma masquerading as a sebaceous cyst - A rare case report

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