The mortality in a series of 25 infants with myelomeningocele closed within the first 24 hours of birth was 12% over the first three months.Neurological assessment of the survivors with particular attention to leg movements has indicated that spinal reflex phenomena are common, and that, though there may be apparent improvement in some cases within the first few weeks after operation, the later results show that there is no significant increase in useful leg function compared with the preoperative levels.Early closure would appear to have prevented the death of these infants, and to have preserved the useful leg movements with which they were born, but not to have led to any significant recovery.