Scabies: another epidemic?

Shrank, Alan B.; Alexander, Samuel

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5541.669

Cited by 59 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Previously exposed males had lower IgG responses than naïve males, underlining the importance of experience. This paradoxical result contradicts our fourth prediction and the hypothesis of Shrank and Alexander (1967), who consider acquired immunity to Sarcoptes as a permanent feature. Arlian et al (1994) obtained results with a similar trend in rabbits reinfested by Sarcoptes.…”

Section: Specific Serum Antibody Responses To S Scabiei In the Ibericontrasting

confidence: 96%

Sarcoptes scabiei: Specific immune response to sarcoptic mange in the Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica depends on previous exposure and sex

Sarasa

Rambozzi

Rossi

et al. 2010

Experimental Parasitology

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Host acquired immunity is a critical factor that conditions the survival of parasites. Nevertheless, there is a shortage of data concerning inter-individual immunological inequalities in wild mammals. Sarcoptic mange is a widespread parasitosis that severely affects mammals such as the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Despite some work on the subject, the immune response to sarcoptic mange infestation is still a complex and poorly understood phenomenon. To improve knowledge of the host-Sarcoptes immunological interaction, 18 Iberian ibexes were experimentally infested. IgG levels were assessed using ELISA to test for potential factors determining the specific immune response to infestation. Previous exposure and sex appeared to affect the IgG response to infestation and our results suggest a sex-biased immunomodulation. We discuss the immunological pattern of host-Sarcoptes interactions and also suggest further lines of work that may improve the understanding of immunological interactions of host-Sarcoptes systems.

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Section: Specific Serum Antibody Responses To S Scabiei In the Ibericontrasting

confidence: 96%

Sarcoptes scabiei: Specific immune response to sarcoptic mange in the Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica depends on previous exposure and sex

Sarasa

Rambozzi

Rossi

et al. 2010

Experimental Parasitology

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“…Anecdotal reporting in 1992-3 [2,3] suggested an increased incidence of scabies based on an increase in the number of cases seen in dermatology outpatient clinics, and an increase in the number of local outbreaks reported to the Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. Similar anecdotal reporting from dermatology clinics in London, Leeds, Sheffield and Dublin indicated a high incidence of scabies based on hospital referral rates in 1947, a low incidence between 1951-7, and a high incidence between 1961-8 [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

The epidemiology of head lice and scabies in the UK

1999

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Anecdotal evidence suggests that the prevalence of both scabies and head lice is increasing and also that both conditions are becoming refractory to pesticide treatment. Using information obtained from the Office of National Statistics, Royal College of General Practitioners Weekly Returns Service, Department of Health, local surveys of school children from Bristol and drug sales of insecticides, we have confirmed that there has been a rise in the prevalence of both conditions. We have shown that scabies is significantly more prevalent in urbanized areas (P < 0.00001), north of the country (P < 0.000001), in children and women (P < 0.000001) and commoner in the winter compared to the summer. Scabies was also shown to have a cyclical rise in incidence roughly every 20 years. Head lice were shown to be significantly more prevalent in children and mothers (P < 0.000001) though both conditions were seen in all age groups. Head lice were also less common during the summer. Host behaviour patterns, asymptomatic carriage, drug resistance and tourism from countries or districts with a higher incidence may be important factors in the currently high prevalence of both scabies and head lice.

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“…The increase in scabies in the United States seems to have leveled off, but it has continued at a steady level in the 1980s. Reports from Czechoslovakia (88), Denmark (22), Great Britain (23,107), India (77,101), Australia (61), Greece (98), and Africa (110) all called attention to the rise in scabies over the past 20 years. In the United States and most other countries human scabies is not a reportable disease, so it is difficult to know its actual prevalence.…”

Section: Arlianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology, Host Relations, and Epidemiology of Sarcoptes scabiei

Arlian¹

1989

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

207

140

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Scabies continues to be an important parasitic disease of humans, and other mammals. Suprisingly for a disease that has afflicted humans since antiquity, little is directly known about the basic biology of the parasite, the host-parasite interactions, the host immune response, and host susceptibility. Much more research in these areas is needed if we are to understand fully the occurrence, transmission, and epidemiology of both human and animal scabies.

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Scabies: another epidemic?

Cited by 59 publications

References 1 publication

Sarcoptes scabiei: Specific immune response to sarcoptic mange in the Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica depends on previous exposure and sex

Sarcoptes scabiei: Specific immune response to sarcoptic mange in the Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica depends on previous exposure and sex

The epidemiology of head lice and scabies in the UK

Biology, Host Relations, and Epidemiology of Sarcoptes scabiei

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