Trends in disease burden of chronic myeloid leukemia at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based epidemiologic study

Ning, Liqing; Hu, Chuanyu; Lu, Pingfan; Que, Yimei; Zhu, Xiaojian; Li, Dengju

doi:10.1186/s40164-020-00185-z

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…To solve these problems, international collaboration and mobilization of additional resources are needed to reduce the survival gap [ 29 ]. Among the four leukemia subtypes, the burden of CML dramatically decreased according to the latest death data and significant downward trends in ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate, which was consistently found in former reports based on the GBD 2017 database [ 24 , 33 ]. Due to the development of new therapies for CML in the past few decades, such as the approval of imatinib in 2003 for the first-line treatment of CML, the prognosis of CML has significantly improved.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

The Global Burden of Leukemia and Its Attributable Factors in 204 Countries and Territories: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study and Projections to 2030

Chen

Liu

et al. 2022

Journal of Oncology

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Background. Leukemia is a common malignancy that has four main subtypes and is a threat to human health. Understanding the epidemiological status of leukemia and its four main subtypes globally is important for allocating appropriate resources, guiding clinical practice, and furthering scientific research. Methods. Average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) were calculated to estimate the change trends of age-standardized rates (ASRs) from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories. The risk factors for leukemia death and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) were also analyzed. In addition, the future trends in ASRs were projected through 2030. Results. The total number of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs from leukemia in 2019 was 0.64, 0.33, and 11.66 million, respectively. Decreasing trends in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), the age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and age-standardized DALY rate were detected on a global level while increasing trends in ASIR were detected in the high-sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. The leukemia burden was heavier in males than in females. By cause, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were more likely to impose a burden on the elderly, while acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) showed a greater impact in the younger population. A significant positive correlation was observed between SDI and AAPC in ASIR, while SDI was negatively correlated with AAPCs in both ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate. Smoking remained the most significant risk factor associated with leukemia-related death and DALY, especially in males. Similar deaths and DALYs were caused by smoking and high body mass index (BMI) in females. Future projections through 2030 estimated that ASIR and ASDR will continue to increase, while the DALY rate is predicted to decline. Conclusions. Patterns and trends of leukemia burden are correlated with SDI. The estimated contributions to leukemia deaths indicate that timely measures are needed to reduce smoking and obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

The Global Burden of Leukemia and Its Attributable Factors in 204 Countries and Territories: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study and Projections to 2030

Chen

Liu

et al. 2022

Journal of Oncology

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“…They thought that the CML burden is decreasing or stable, whereas it is increasing according to our analysis. 37 , 38 Compared with GBD 2017, GBD 2019 updated cancer mortality data that were added from vital registration system data, verbal autopsy studies, and cancer registry incidence data. The mortality-to-incidence ratio estimation was updated with lower case inclusion criteria and different model hyperparameters, leading to more training data and less smoothing across time and geography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude and Temporal Trend of the Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: On the Basis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Hou

et al. 2021

JCO Global Oncology

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PURPOSE To map the magnitudes and temporal trends of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) along with its attributable risk factors, providing the essential foundation for targeted public policies at the national, regional, and global levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrieved annual data on CML burden in 204 countries and regions from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 in 1990-2019. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify the temporal trends of CML burden by region, sex, and age group. RESULTS Globally, the age-standardized incidence rate of CML declined weakly over the past few years (EAPC: −1.04), but the number of incident cases increased by 54.1% to 65.8 × 103 in 2019. By contrast, a dramatic drop in death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate (EAPCs: −2.55; −2.69) led to a reduction in deaths and DALYs, especially in high-income regions. In 2019, the highest age-standardized death rate was observed in Ethiopia (1.89 per 100,000). The death rate of CML was pronounced among the population age above 70 years. DALYs of CML worldwide were primarily attributable to smoking (12.2%), high body mass index (5.0%), occupational exposure to benzene (0.9%), and occupational exposure to formaldehyde (0.3%) in 2019. CONCLUSION Although the mortality rate of CML has decreased significantly, the management of patients with CML cannot be neglected, especially in elders and developing regions.

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“…Furthermore, several reports suggest a lower CML incidence in some Asian countries (e.g., Taiwan Cancer Registry (1997–2007), Singapore Cancer Registry (1998–2002), Thailand, or China) [ 9 , 52 , 53 ], an observation that was also described within the U.S. SEER database comparing the Asian U.S. population to Caucasians [ 2 ]. As discussed in two very recent publications, differences in ASR for incidence and mortality seem to be influenced by geographical and socio-economic factors [ 54 , 55 ]. In addition, methodological factors of the different studies can also not be excluded [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential to Improve Therapy of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), Especially for Patients with Older Age: Incidence, Mortality, and Survival Rates of Patients with CML in Switzerland from 1995 to 2017

Daskalakis

Feller

Noetzli

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) substantially improved chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) prognosis. We aimed to describe time period- and age-dependent outcomes by reporting real-world data of CML patients from Switzerland. Methods: Population-based incidence, mortality, and survival were assessed for four different study periods and age groups on the basis of aggregated data from Swiss Cantonal Cancer Registries. Results: A total of 1552 new CML cases were reported from 1995 to 2017. The age-standardized rate (ASR) for the incidence remained stable, while the ASR for mortality decreased by 50–80%, resulting in a five-year RS from 36% to 74% over all four age groups. Importantly, for patients <60 years (yrs), the five-year RS increased only in earlier time periods up to 92%, whereas for older patients (+80 yrs), the five-year RS continued to increase later, however, reaching only 53% until 2017. Conclusions: This is the first population-based study of CML patients in Switzerland confirming similar data compared to other population-based registries in Europe. The RS increased significantly in all age groups over the last decades after the establishment of TKI therapy. Interestingly, we found a more prominent increase in RS of patients with older age at later observation periods (45%) compared to patients at younger age (10%), implicating a greater benefit from TKI treatment for elderly occurring with delay since the establishment of TKI therapy. Our findings suggest more potential to improve CML therapy, especially for older patients.

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Trends in disease burden of chronic myeloid leukemia at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based epidemiologic study

Cited by 31 publications

References 54 publications

The Global Burden of Leukemia and Its Attributable Factors in 204 Countries and Territories: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study and Projections to 2030

The Global Burden of Leukemia and Its Attributable Factors in 204 Countries and Territories: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study and Projections to 2030

Magnitude and Temporal Trend of the Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: On the Basis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Potential to Improve Therapy of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), Especially for Patients with Older Age: Incidence, Mortality, and Survival Rates of Patients with CML in Switzerland from 1995 to 2017

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