Trends and Advances in Separation and Detection of SSRIs and SNRIs in Biological Matrices

Abstract

Nowadays antidepressant drugs like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) represent the first choice in the treatment of moderate to severe depressive illness, various phobias, and personality disorders. In spite of the therapeutic aspects, they often produce very severe and toxic effects in deliberate and accidental cases of poisoning. These are also considered as date-rape drugs used for drugged victims for raping or robbing. Therefore, in recent years, their analyses in different biological matrices for clinical and toxicological analysis purposes has been a target worthy of interest. Thus, the review focuses on recent advancements of various separation techniques like chromatography and electrophoresis that are concernd with the determination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor drugs and their metabolites in various biological matrices. In addition to this, a critical discussion on analytical approaches has also been incorporated, suggesting their applicability and limitations for further implementations. Thus, this paper will definitely help in the selection and development of proper analytical methodologies to achieve satisfactory results, better scientific understanding, and test interpretation.

Recent advances in liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

“…chromatography and electrophoresis). In the same year, Das and Agrawal (2013) published a more comprehensive review encompassing both SSRIs and SNRIs. Moreno, Navas, and Asuero (2014) presented an overview focused on only HPLC coupled with DAD strategies to analyze antidepressants and other types of CNS-acting drugs in human biological fluids.…”

Review on Surface-Modified Electrodes for the Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

“…SSRIs act by selectively inhibiting the presynaptic recovery of serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) at the serotonin transporter (SERT), causing the increase in serotonin at the postsynaptic membrane in the serotonergic synapse [ 11 , 12 ], thus improving depressive symptoms and the cognitive function of patients [ 13 ]. The highly prescribed classes in this category are: fluoxetine (FLX), citalopram (CIT), escitalopram (ESC), paroxetine (PRX), fluvoxamine (FLV) and sertraline (STR) [ 14 ]. These SSRIs share a similar mechanism of action.…”