Treatment of Azole-Resistant Oropharyngeal Candidiasis with Topical Amphotericin B

Abstract

This report demonstrates the potential role for topical amphotericin B in the treatment of azole-refractory oral candidiasis. Double-blind, randomized, controlled trials are needed to define dosing, efficacy, administration, and long-term safety of oral amphotericin B.

Development and characterization of amphotericin B nanoemulsion-loaded mucoadhesive gel for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis

“…Nonetheless, they face a common problem of drug-resistant thrush and relapse of candidiasis, especially in people living with HIV (human immune deficiency virus) for many years [ 11 ]. Hence, intravenous amphotericin B (AmB) is often used to treat people for whom azole therapy has failed [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. In managing fungal life-threatening fungal infections, amphotericin B, a polyene antifungal antibiotic, has become the “gold standard” [ 15 ].…”

VT-1598 inhibits the in vitro growth of mucosal Candida strains and protects against fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant oral candidiasis in IL-17 signalling-deficient mice

“…[1][2][3][4] Antifungal resistance mostly occurs against azole drugs, the most common therapy for chronic Candida infections. In patients with azole resistance, echinocandins or amphotericin B may be used, 5 but these are parenteral medications and their chronic use is also associated with emergence of resistance or with renal toxicity, respectively. A new class of antifungal drugs has been developed that targets fungal 14a-demethylase cytochrome P450 (CYP51), the same target as azole drugs, but does not cross-react with the human CYP enzymes, 6 a known limitation with azoles.…”