Treadmill exercise testing with increasing inclination as exercise protocol for wheelchair athletes

Knechtle, Beat; Köpfli, W

doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101229

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Persons with long-standing SCI generally have a higher VO 2peak than persons with a recent SCI. 12,73 Protocol differences could also explain the differences found; 20,23,43,74 overall, the ACE started at a higher power output, and had greater subsequent increments. It is suggested that greater increments may underestimate peak values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The outcome of the maximal exercise tests were expressed as peak levels of oxygen uptake and power output (instead of maximal levels), because some subjects may have been able to activate a larger muscle mass, either through activation of the lower limbs (eg in those with incomplete lesion), or without the restraints from overuse and fatigue of the upper extremities. 21,34,75 The large variability in results found in paraplegia may be attributed to differences in measurement protocol 20,23,74 and study population. 3 Because of lack of homogeneity, no consistent conclusions on the influence of a particular protocol can be drawn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical capacity in wheelchair-dependent persons with a spinal cord injury: a critical review of the literature

et al. 2006

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Study design: Review of publications. Objective: To assess the level of physical capacity (peak oxygen uptake, peak power output, muscle strength of the upper extremity and respiratory function) in wheelchair-dependent persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Methods: Pubmed (Medline) search of publications from 1980 onwards. Studies were systematically assessed. Weighted means were calculated for baseline values. Results: In tetraplegia, the weighted mean for peak oxygen uptake was 0.89 l/min for the wheelchair exercise test (WCE) and 0.87 l/min for arm-cranking or hand-cycling (ACE). The peak power output was 26 W (WCE) and 40 W (ACE). In paraplegia, the peak oxygen uptake was 2.10 l/min (WCE) and 1.51 l/min (ACE), whereas the peak power output was 74 W (ACE) and 85 W (WCE). In paraplegia, muscle strength of the upper extremity and respiratory function were comparable to that in the able-bodied population. In tetraplegia muscle strength varied greatly, and respiratory function was reduced to 55-59% of the predicted values for an age-, gender-and height-matched able-bodied population. Conclusions: Physical capacity is reduced and varies in SCI. The variation between results is caused by population and methodological differences. Standardized measurement of physical capacity is needed to further develop comparative values for clinical practice and rehabilitation research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical capacity in wheelchair-dependent persons with a spinal cord injury: a critical review of the literature

et al. 2006

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“…For athletes, experts recommend performing exercise testing with activities as closely aligned to the sports activity as possible (Knechtle & Kopfli, 2001). Thus, walking/running on a treadmill was selected for exercise testing among adolescents as it simulates the PA that they engage in most frequently, can be assessed in a controlled environment, and does not require a high level of physical skill.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, self‐efficacy, and perceived exertion among adolescents

Robbins

Pender

Ronis

et al. 2004

Research in Nursing & Health

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The relationship of self-efficacy, a sense of confidence in personal physical activity (PA) skills, to perceived exertion during activity was explored among 168 African American and European American boys and girls between 9 and 17 years of age. Participants walked/ran on a treadmill at a speed equivalent to 60% of their peak VO2 for 20 minutes and provided ratings of exertion every 4 minutes. Pre-activity self-efficacy predicted perceived exertion for boys only. Girls were lower than boys in pre-activity self-efficacy and subsequently reported greater perceived exertion. For both genders, lower perceived exertion during PA resulted in higher post-activity self-efficacy. Uncomfortable perceptions of exertion during initial efforts to increase PA are likely to discourage future activity. Interventions that can lower perceptions of exertion may enhance self-efficacy and promote a sense of competence in PA skills.

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“…Também com paraplégicos Knechtle e Kopfli. 15 , analisaram 11 jogadores de basquete em cadeira de rodas (média de idade de 28 anos). Neste estudo, foi aplicado um protocolo de exercício físico com aumento da inclinação na esteira para verificação da possibilidade de utilização de um protocolo com inclinação na esteira em pessoas com lesão da medula espinhal (abaixo de T1).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Respostas cardiovasculares e avaliação da potência aeróbia em pessoas com lesão da medula espinhal

Flores¹,

Antunes²,

Silva³

et al. 2013

RBAFS

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O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar na literatura atual os métodos e variáveis do consumo máximo de oxigênio/potência aeróbia e aspectos relacionados com a capacidade aeróbia em pessoas com lesão da medula espinhal. Foi utilizada a busca através da base de dados Sciverse-com os seguintes termos: Spinal cord injury, Tetraplegia, Paraplegia cruzados com Physical endurance, Exercise tolerance, Peak oxygen consumption. Para inclusão no estudo os artigos deveriam obedecer os seguintes critérios a) avaliação da potencia aeróbia em pessoas com lesão da medula espinhal na fase crônica da lesão, b) resultados com tetraplégicos ou paraplégicos, c) interação dos itens anteriores com VO 2 máx (l/min ou ml/kg/min) e duração de esforço em cadeira de rodas, sendo publicados a partir do ano de 2000 até o presente momento da escrita do trabalho em 2012. Após cruzamentos de termos pré-selecionados, foram selecionados 26 artigos. A partir dos estudos revisados, observa-se uma grande variação de modelos, testes e maneiras de avaliar componentes fisiológicos relacionados aos sistemas cardiorrespiratórios e circulatórios. Esta gama de métodos parece estar relacionada à heterogeneidade da população/amostra e consequentemente, os resultados, por mais similares que sejam em alguns aspectos, apresentam valores discretos de proximidade, revelando uma necessidade de padronização para estes procedimentos nesta população. Com isto, é evidente a importância de estudos bem controlados e com nível tecnológico avançado para melhores prognósticos e acompanhamentos de pessoas com lesão da medula espinhal, seja para atividades esportivas, melhora de aspectos de riscos cardiovasculares ou para o cotidiano do dia a dia.

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Treadmill exercise testing with increasing inclination as exercise protocol for wheelchair athletes

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Physical capacity in wheelchair-dependent persons with a spinal cord injury: a critical review of the literature

Physical capacity in wheelchair-dependent persons with a spinal cord injury: a critical review of the literature

Physical activity, self‐efficacy, and perceived exertion among adolescents

Respostas cardiovasculares e avaliação da potência aeróbia em pessoas com lesão da medula espinhal

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